1. Graphing

2. Organizing Data A graph is a pictorial representation of information recorded in a data table. It is used to show a relationship between two or more factors.

3. Types of Graphs Line graphs are best for displaying data that changes. It best shows the relationship between two variables. A variable is anything that can change in an experiment. Line graphs are made with the x-axis showing the independent variable (manipulated variable) and the y- axis showing the dependent variable (responding variable).

4. Types of Graphs (2) Bar graphs are best for comparing data for several individual items or events. Bar graphs use a series of columns to display data.

5. Types of Graphs (3) Pie charts are best for displaying data that are parts of a whole.

6. Density

7. Density is a physical property of a substance. Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing a substance. Other physical properties of substances include shape, color, odor, and texture.

8. Calculating Density Density is calculated by dividing an object’s mass by its volume. Density = mass/volume or D = m/v

9. Low and High Density A substance with a low density is referred to as being “light”. An example is Styrofoam. A substance with a high density is referred to as being “heavy”. An example is iron. Density of a liquid is reported in grams per milliliter (g/ml) and a solid is reported in units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm 3 ).