1. Matter in Our World

2. Matter Made up of atoms Atoms that are all the same make an element
Every element has different types of atoms

3. Elements Element Symbol Hydrogen H Mg Oxygen O Br Sodium Na Nitrogen K
Sulfur
Iodine I Ca C
Boron
Chlorine Zn
Iron Si Ag
Neon

4. Matter When elements chemically combine they form compounds
The same element can combine
Different elements can combine
Matter can be physically combined into mixtures
Lots of elements in the same place
Lots of compounds in the same place
Combination of elements and compounds in the same place

5. Matter Elements, compounds, and molecules are all pure substances
Matter also exists as mixtures
Homogenous
Mixtures that look the same throughout
Substances are miscible
Heterogeneous
Mixtures that you can see the different substances in
Substances are immiscible

6. Matter
Chemical formulas are important for telling us what compounds are made of
Sugar – C12H22O11
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
22 atoms
11 atoms
12 atoms

7. Common Compounds Salt = NaCl Ammonia = NH3 Baking Soda = NaHCO3
Water = H2O
Hydrogen Peroxide = H2O2
Bleach = NaOCl
Glass = SiO2
Vinegar = CH3COOH

8. Kinetic Theory Three main points
All matter is made of atoms and molecules
These atoms and molecules are always in motion
At high temperatures, particles move faster
At the same temperature, larger atoms and molecules move slower than smaller ones

9. Kinetic Theory Used to describe the states of matter Changing States
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Changing States

10. Solid Atoms move very, very slowly Set volume Set shape
States of Matter

11. Liquid Atoms move around Set volume Changing shape
Can look at viscosity
High viscosity = less flowing
States of Matter

12. Gas Atoms move very, very fast Changing volume Changing shape
Exerts pressure on objects
High pressure = lots of movement
States of Matter

13. Changing States of Matter
Energy makes this happen
Red
Energy added
Blue
Energy taken away

14. Changing States of Matter
Total amount of matter never changes
Law of conservation of mass
Total amount of energy never changes
Law of conservation of energy

15. Changes in Matter Chemical change Physical change
Changes the make-up of matter
Different matter is made
Physical change
Does not change the make-up of matter
Same matter exists – just a different form

16. Clues to Chemical Change
Change in color
Production of gas
Production of a solid
Key words:
Burn, decay, ‘die’, ripen, rot

17. Clues to Physical Change
Key words
Cut, tear, melt, freeze, dissolve, grind

18. Properties of Matter Chemical Properties
Only seen during chemical changes
Describes how a substance reacts
Reactivity
How easily one substance can form another substance
Examples: flammability, reactivity, ability to tarnish, ability to decay

19. Properties of Matter Physical Properties
Can be seen without changing the object
The same no matter how large or small the object is
Examples: melting point, boiling point, color, density, smoothness

20. Density Amount of mass within a certain amount on space Mass Density =
Volume
Mass =

21. Density
What is the density of a g piece of graphite with a volume of 0.44 cm3?
2.26 g/cm3

22. Density
A copper penny has a mass of 3.1 g and a volume of 0.35 cm3. What is the density of the penny?
8.86 g/cm3

23. Density
A bar of sliver has a mass of 68.0 g and a volume of 6.48 cm3. What is the density of silver?
10.49 g/cm3

24. Density
Sugar has a density of 1.59 g/cm3. What mass of sugar fits into a 140 cm3 bowl?
222.6 g

25. Density
The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. A bracelet made of silver has a volume of 1.12 cm3. What is the bracelet’s mass?
11.76 g

26. Density
Boron has a density of 2.34 g/cm3. What is the volume of 14.8 g of boron?
6.32 cm3

27. Density
Mercury has a density of 13.5 g/cm3. What is the volume of 4.62 g of mercury?
0.34 cm3

28. Density
The density of oak is generally 0.7 g/cm3. If a 35 cm3 piece of wood has a mass of 25 g, is the wood likely to be oak?
0.71 g/cm3