1. 1920-1929

2.  Define 7 terms  “Top 10” people – identify / what were they famous for?  5 ways cars changed the economy

4.  Assembly line: a system in which each worker does a different job in putting together a product  Installment Plan: the payment of money over time toward the total cost of the item  Mass Media: the communications that reach large numbers of people

5.  The US had just exited WWI…  Nation was at peace  Economy was healthy  Americans = starting to enjoy the good times

6.  Warren G. Harding (1920)  Ordinary man  Could return the US to prewar times  From OHIO  Cabinet selection:  Some were honest and capable  Some were chosen because they were friends  What’s the problem with hiring friends?

7.  1923: Congress examining friends’ actions  Harding was worried, but became ill  August 2, 1923 – Harding dies  Calvin Coolidge becomes President  Scandal uncovered: Albert Fall  Secretary of the Interior  Two oil executives had bribed Fall to get secret leases  Land in California, Teapot Dome in Wyoming  Found guilty, went to jail

8.  Americans wanted to build a rich country  Congress began passing laws  Let businesses grow larger  Salaries went up / prices went down  People were able to buy more things  Model T. Ford = “Tin Lizzie” = Henry Ford  Worked used an assembly line  Cars could be built faster  Lower cost  More people could afford

9.  Steel, rubber, glass, oil industries all grew  Meet the needs of automobile builders  Americans found new jobs  Selling, repairing, parking, driving cars  Miles of new roads were built  New businesses were built  Diners, motels, stores, gas stations  People began to move to the suburbs  Did not have to live where you worked

10.  Assembly line revolutionized the economy  Washing machines  Toasters  Refrigerators  Some products cost more than people could afford  Enter in: Installment Plans  Let everyone be able to purchase more  Down payment / monthly payments

11.  More industries grew  Advertising  Consumers NEEDED certain products  New products make everyone happier  Began appearing in mass media  Radios  Billboards  Magazines  Newspapers

12.  Pg. 337 (1-3)  USE COMPLETE SENTENCES FOR FULL CREDIT  Pg. 338 (1-2)  Exercise 75

14.  Jazz: a kind of music created by African Americans in the South in the early 1900s  Renaissance: a time of new interest and activity in the arts

15.  1920s:  Time of prosperity / change for many people  More people had wealth / luxury  High hopes for the future  Should sports stars / celebrities be role models?

16.  1920s was a time to enjoy life  Carefree times = “Roaring Twenties”  Also known as the Jazz Age  Music  Jazz gained popularity  Drums, piano, banjo, horns – all used  Went from New Orleans to Chicago / New York  Louis Armstrong  Jelly Roll Morton  Bessie Smith  Music was popular with African Americans and whites

17.  Radio  KDKA – 1 st radio station  Pittsburgh, PA  1922: +500 radio stations  1 st – mostly music  News reports  Sports reports  Children’s stories  Movies  California’s climate was ideal for movies  Hollywood became movie capital of the world  People went once a week to the movies  Westerns  Romances  Adventures  Comedies  1 st – No sound  Background music  Lyrics were written on cards / shown on screen  1927: 1 st talkie  “The Jazz Singer”

18.  Books and Magazines  Many writers were horrified by WWI  Criticized Americans for caring too much about money and fun  Some even moved out of the US  Became expatriates  F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby  Characters were always looking for wealth and success  Ernest Hemmingway, The Sun also Rises  Wartime experiences, sports, travel

19.  Books and Magazines  Many magazines were 1 st published in the 1920s  Time – read for news  Saturday Evening Post – read for stories

20.  Sports  Boxing = Jack Dempsey  Swimming = Gertrude Ederle  College Football = Red Grange  Baseball = Babe Ruth  Greatest hero of the decade:  May 1927 – Charles Lindbergh (Lucky Lindy)  Flew alone across the Atlantic Ocean  New York to Paris with no map, parachute, or radio  Opened the door to new flying possibilities

21.  African Americans moved North in the 1920s  Often came to Harlem (in NYC)  Were free to express themselves  Harlem Renaissance  Used literature and art to show racial pride  Spoke out against racial discrimination

22.  Countee Cullen  Won prizes for his poetry  Experiences of African Americans  Taught in a Harlem high school

23.  Langston Hughes  “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” – published after high school  Best known poet of the Renaissance  Encouraged African Americans to be proud of their heritage  Protested racism and violence against African Americans  Wrote poems, plays, short stories, essays

24.  Claude McKay  From Jamaica  Condemned lynchings and mob violence after WWI  Zora Neale Hurston  Novels, essays, short stories  Tried to preserve folklore  Traveled to collect folk takes, songs, prayers  Mules and Men

26.  New freedoms  Turned away from traditional roles  Cut hair short  Wore short dresses  Began smoking / drinking in public

27.  Why these changes?  19 th Amendment – women had the right to vote in all elections  Women could hold public offices  Nellie Tayloe Ross (WY governor)  Miriam A. Ferguson (TX governor)  Women kept working outside of the house  New appliances made lives easier  Books / music / art helped them to think differently  More decided to go to college

28.  Women were still not treated the same as men  Employed?  General belief – would work until married  Women were not trained for some jobs  Were paid less than men  Women still became doctors / lawyers  Hospitals and law offices refused to hire women

29.  Alice Paul:  Noted women still lacked many legal rights (earning control)  Proposed the ERA  Complete equality of rights across the United States  Some thought the ERA would cause women to lose some legal protections  Amendment passed, never ratified

30.  Pg. 342 (1-2)  Pg. 343 (1-3)  Exercise 76  Bonus points (complete sentences): When was the first radio broadcast? What was announced?

32.  Inflation: a sharp rise in the price of goods  Deport: to force a person who is not a citizen to leave the country by government order

33.  Should returning veterans be able to get their jobs back?  1920s still had problems  Many Americans were without jobs  Prices were rising  Fear of immigrants led to violence  Violence against African Americans continued in the South

34.  Veterans returned home after WWI  Jobs were already filled  Factories also did not need as many workers  No more need for military supplies  Other problems  People were eager to spend money – businesses could not keep up with demand  Prices began to rise (fewer goods)  Bad feelings between owners and workers  Workers wanted wages to keep up with inflation

35.  Economy was growing worse  Feared workers who went on strike  Strikers? Under control of Communists  Communists – had taken control of Russia in 1917  Government should control all businesses and property  Was there going to be a Communist takeover in the US?  6,000 people were arrested in 1920

36.  Arrested? Communist (true or false…)  Hundreds were deported  Immigrant hatred:  Were taking jobs from Americans  People called for laws limited immigration  1921: only 357,000 immigrants permitted per year  The door to the US was almost shut

37.  1910-1930: African Americans moved North  Settled in cities: New York, Detroit, Chicago, Philadelphia  Left because:  Unfair working conditions  Sharecroppers had to pay for the right to farm lands  Farming was difficult  Floods / long spells of dry weather  Segregation laws  Separate schools, restaurants, restrooms, drinking fountains

38.  Hoped for a better life in the North  Higher pay in factory jobs  Still made less than white workers  Violence:  Ku Klux Klan – terrorist group  Spread fear among African Americans  Men in hoods attacked in the South, Midwest, West  Fought back:  Formed groups to increase racial pride  Churches, social clubs, businesses

39.  Pg. 345 – critical thinking – Sacco and Vanzetti  Pg. 347 (1-3)  Exercise 77