1. There’s Something About SUSY m. spiropulu EFI/UofC

2. about SUSY Something Heavy Supersymmetry is the most plausible solution of the hierarchy (issue)  Something Light low energy Supersymmetry is required  Something Dark might provide the missing matter of the universe if the lightest neutralino is stable Something Urgent testable at high enough energies (now) Something Beautiful the symmetry between fermions and bosons Something Exotic a component of string theory Something Cool they couple with known and sizable strengths

3. SUSY is not a (super)model SUSY is a spontaneously broken spacetime symmetry SUSY

4. bosons-fermions I Bosons: Commuting fields Integer spin particles Bose statistics Fermions: Anticommuting fields Half-integer spin particles Fermi statistics [anticommutativity ab=-ba and aa=-aa=a 2 =0 If a is the operator that creates an electron into a given state, a 2 creates two electrons into the same state.] A superspace has extra anticommuting coordinates 

5. bosons-fermions II If we Taylor expand an electron (anticommuting field) in the extra coordinates electron field in superspace = selectron(boson) + electron(fermion) For each boson of spin J there is a fermion of spin J±½ of equal mass quark gluon quark squark gluino Photon W,Z gluon Squark slepton Photino Wino,Zino gluino quark lepton equal couplings  This picture is not telling the whole story:SUSY is broken  The masses of the superparticles are not equal with their corresponding particles (or we would have seen them already).  So we start SUSY with a few new parameters and introduce a bunch more of what are called “soft breaking terms”: the masses of all the superparticles.

6. general MSSM: 370 parameters

7. M1 M2 M3 particle content

8. supersymmetry in colliders  Tevatron mass reach: 400 – 600 GeV for gluinos, 150 – 250 GeV for charginos and neutralinos 200 – 300 GeV for stops and sbottoms  LHC reach: 1 – 3 TeV for almost all sparticles If SUSY has anything to do with generating the electroweak scale, we will discover sparticles soon.

9. hierarchy of scales 10 -33 cm Planck scale 1/(M Pl ) 2 G N ~l Pl 2 = 1/(M Pl ) 2 10 -17 cm Electroweak scale range of weak force mass is generated (W,Z) strong, weak, electromagnetic forces have comparable strengths 10 28 cm Hubble scale size of universe l u 16 orders of magnitude puzzle What kind of physics generates and stabilizes the 16 orders of magnitude difference between these two scales 10 27 eV 10 11 eV 10 -33 eV

10. bosons-fermions III Bose-Fermi Cancellation SM and the solution to the higgs naturalness problem (the radiative corrections to the higgs mass can not be 32 orders of magnitude larger than the higgs mass) SUSY

11. unification of couplings The gauge couplings of the Standard Model converge to an almost common value at very high energy. what’s up with that?

12. unification of couplings Ø SUSY changes the slopes of the coupling constants ØFor M SUSY =1 TeV, unification appears at 3x10 16 GeV

13. proton’s (don’t) decay (fast) Ø In generic SUSies the proton could decay Ø Satisfy this by conserving R-parity R=(-1) 3(B-L)+2S Ø We have measurements to the contrary effect

14. with R-parity conservation  370  107 (soft breaking) parameters  The end of the decay chain of all SUSY particles is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP)  The properties of the LSP, generally determine the signature of SUSY  LSP is stable – great dark matter candidate; In many SUSY models it also weakly interacting.

15. squarks/sleptons gauginoshiggses example of mSUGRA SUSY tan   A

16. example collider signatures

17. example backgrounds

18. more SUSY models  Gauge mediated SUSY (LSP is the gravitino) photon-lepton signatures. M 1 :M 2 :M 3 =1:2:7  Anomaly mediated SUSY (LSPs are the Winos) disappearing tracks. M 1 :M 2 :M 3 =3:1:-8  String inspired models

19. SUSY mass clues Mass (GeV/c 2 ) Upper bound (stau coanihilation) 190 170 220 D0 CDF D0 CDF D0 GMSB 45 DM LEP2 97 LEP2 LEP2 GMSB LEP2 TeVII reach Red : most natural mass* * Anderson/Castano

20.  Cosmology needs sources of non-baryonic dark matter  SUSies provide weakly interacting massive particles to account for the universe’s missing mass  neutralinos  sneutrinos  gravitinos    We are closing in fast on either discovery or exclusion!  There is a good complementarity between direct, indirect, and collider searches the dark side of SUSY

21. already excluded CDMS, CRESST, GENIUS GLAST Tevatron reach       J. Feng, K. Matchev, F. Wilczek LHC does the rest

22. How do we detect neutralino DM at colliders? look at missing energy (LSP) signatures: QCD jets + missing energy like-sign dileptons + missing energy trileptons + missing energy leptons + photons + missing energy b quarks + missing energy etc.

23. CDF 300 GeV gluino candidate: gluino pair strongly produced, decays to quarks + neutralinos

24. detectors

25. ~2 x Tevatron (3.2 Km) LHC (27 Km) Main Injector and Recycler  p source Booster Tevatron pp 14 TeV 10 34 machines

26. gluino decay path example

27. example cross sections L is the Luminosity  is the acceptance (trigger included) B is the Background  is the cross section (unit is area: the effective scattering size of a process) Total p/antip cross section is 7x10 -30 m 2 Unit of Barns (b) = 10 -28 m 2  (pp  X)=70 mb Run I L ~ 10 31 crossings/cm 2 /sec N/sec ~  L = 7x10 5 /sec >1 interactions per beam crossing! Cross Section for top production:  (pp  tt+X)=70 mb This is around 1/10 10 of total N/sec ~  L = 7x10 -5 /sec A couple were created/day but we only saw a small % ~100 events in 3 ys in two experiments

28. recording the physics: triggering

31. Calorimeter energy Central Tracker (Pt,  ) Muon stubs Cal Energy-track match E/P, Silicon secondary vertex Multi object triggers Farm of PC’s running fast versions of Offline Code  more sophisticated selections

32.   Missing Energy provides R-parity conserving SUSY signatures (R=(-1) 3B+L+2S ) and also appears in many other phenomenological paradigms MET + 3 jets (squarks,gluinos) MET + dileptons + jets (squarks gluinos) MET + c-tagged jets (scalar top) MET + b-tagged jets (scalar bottom,Higgs) MET + monojet (gravitino, graviton) MET + photons (gravitino ) Missing E T + multijets (CDF)

33. Production/Decay Graphs

34.  MAIN RING  DETECTOR NOISE  COSMICS eliminated with a set of timing and good jet quality requirements “Fake” MET cosmic QCD gap Main Ring & QCD mismeasurements Use to define fiducial jets

35. Standard Model Missing Energy +jets  top, dibosons MC norm using theory cross section  QCD MC norm to jet data  Z/W +jets MC norm to Z data

36. Number of High P T isolated tracks 0 >0 “blind analysis” approach where you expect your signal don’t look until you are ready Analysis H T =E T (2)+E T (3)+MET

37. Optimization for SUSY

38. comparisons around the “box” QCDQCD Z(inv) W( ,e) top W(  )

39. “The BOX” The Box: SM Expected 76±13 Found in data 74

40. “The other BOXes” A/D SUSY boxes: SM Expected 33±7 Found in data 31

41. “The other BOXes” SUSY box C: SM Expected 10.6±1 Found in data 14

42. LIMITS

43. Candidate Event Knowledge from this analysis applied in monojet+MET analysis with RunI data that can search for associate gluino-neutralino production (also KK graviton etc).

46. The required cancellation is easier if the gluino mass is not “too large”. There’s Something About the gluino mass (why we think we’ll see it sooner than later) susy – electroweak connection favors lighter gluinos to avoid tuning (G. Kane et al) look at models with nonuniversal gaugino masses

47. If this signal is observed, the structure in the l+l- mass distribution will constrain the  0 1 and  0 2 masses (difficult). LHC will take it from there. chargino/neutralino trilepton signature

48. Aided by improved CDF/D0 lepton coverage and heavy flavor tagging stop signatures

49. colliders, SUSY and baryogenesis Baryogenesis requires new sources of CP violation besides the CKM phase of the Standard Model (or, perhaps, CPT violation). B physics experiments look for new CP violation by over-constraining the unitarity triangle SUSY models are a promising source for extra phases since colliders will thoroughly explore the electroweak scale, we ought to be able to reach definite conclusions about EW baryogenesis EW baryogenesis in SUSY appears very constrained, requiring a Higgs mass less than 120 GeV, and a stop lighter than the top quark

50. such a light stop will be seen at the Tevatron

51.  LHC is a SUSY factory.  If LHC does not find SUSY forget about (weak scale) SUSY.  High rates for direct squark and gluino production.  Model independent measurement OK-  Model independent limit DIFFICULT. SUSY@LHC

52.  Use consistent model in simulations to study different cases.  Combinatorial SUSY is the dominant background to SUSY.  Guess and scan over the most difficult points of the multi-parameter-multi- model SUSY space.  Ultimately you want to measure all the parameters of the model. SUSY@LHC

53. Correlates well with SUSY@LHC

54. SUSY@LHC

55. SM SUSYSUSY@LHC

56. tan  =10 sgn  =+ Method works over a large region of the parameter space in the SUGRA model Contours show number of reconstructed Higgs SUSY@LHC

57. SUSY@LHC

58. SUSY@LHC

59. There’s Something more About SUSY The predicted value of sin 2 (  W (M Z )) ~0.2314-0.25(  s (M Z )-0.118)+0.002 (e.g. Ross et. al) within 1% of measured value The predicted upper limit on the higgs mass ~130 GeV (e.g. Carena et. Al, Ellis et. al …) with 115 lower experimental limit things get urgent EWSB through radiative corrections the massiveness of the top quark

60. L. Alvarez-Gaume, J. Polchinski, M. Wise NPB221:495 (1983) also L. Ibanez, and J. Ellis, D. Nanopoulos, K. Tamvakis the same year Quote from the abstract: "We discuss the motivation for considering models of particle physics based on N=1 supergravity...renormalization effects drive spontaneous symmetry breaking of SU(2)xU(1) to U(1) for a top quark mass between 55-200 GeV."

61. The immediate future HEP hadron collider program Year: 2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Run IIa Collider: Run IIb BTeV physics LHC physics

62. Higgs

63. the wager A light Higgs stabilized by TeV scale SUSY is what will be found.

64. something about terminology Not everything super- has to do with supersymmetry. (superconductor, supermarket, superstition, supernatural etc…) However, SUPERMAN does

65. Lord of the Rings The Two Towers Run 152507 event 1222318 Dijet Mass = 1364 GeV (corr) cos  * = 0.30 z vertex = -25 cm J1 E T = 666 GeV (corr) 583 GeV (raw) J1   = 0.31 (detector) = 0.43 (correct z) J2 E T = 633 GeV (corr) 546 GeV (raw) J2  = -0.30 (detector) = -0.19 (correct z) Corrected E T and mass are preliminary (thanks to Rob Harris)