2. ObjectivesObjectives 1.A basic understanding of human motivation 2.Insights into various human needs 3.An appreciation for the importance of motivating organization members 4.An understanding of various motivation strategies

3. The Motivation Process Defining Motivation Process Theories of Motivation The Needs-Goal Theory of Motivation The Role of Individual Needs The Vroom Expectancy Theory of Motivation Motivation and Perceptions Equity Theory of Motivation To right the inequity some will : 1. Change their work inputs 2. Try to change the compensation 3. Try to change their own perception 4. Leave the situation

4. The Motivation Process

6. Process Theories of Motivation (continued) The Porter–Lawler Theory of Motivation The Motivation Process 1. Perceived value 2. Effectively accomplishes 3. Perceived fairness

7. The Motivation Process Content Theories of Motivation: Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological needs Security needs Social needs Esteem needs Self-actualization needs

8. The Motivation Process

9. Content Theories of Motivation: Human Needs (continued) Argyris’s Maturity-Immaturity Continuum 1.From a state of passivity to increasing activity 2.From a state of dependence on others to relative independence 3.From being capable of behaving only in a few ways to being capable of behaving in many different ways 4.From having erratic, casual, shallow, and quickly dropped interests to having deeper, more lasting interests 5.From having a short time perspective to having a much longer one 6.From being in a subordinate position to aspiring to occupy an equal or super-ordinate position 7.From a lack of self-awareness to awareness and control over self

10. The Motivation Process Content Theories of Motivation: Human Needs (continued) McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory 1. Need for achievement (nAch) 2. Need for power (nPower) 3. Need for affiliation (nAff)

11. Motivating Organization Members The Importance of Motivating Organization Members Strategies for Motivating Organization Members Managerial Communication Theory X–Theory Y Job Design Earlier Job Design Strategies Job Rotation Job Enlargement Job Enrichment Job Enrichment and Productivity Flextime Advantages of Flextime

12. Motivating Organization Members

16. Strategies for Motivating Organization Members (continued) Behavior Modification Reinforcement Punishment Applying Behavior Modification 1.Giving different levels of rewards to different workers 2.Telling workers what they are doing wrong 3.Punishing workers privately 4.Always giving out rewards and punishments that are earned