1. UNIT 10

2.  The Psychoanalytic Perspective The Psychoanalytic Perspective  The Humanistic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective  The Trait Perspective The Trait Perspective  The Social-Cognitive Perspective The Social-Cognitive Perspective  Exploring the Self Exploring the Self

3.  Personality Personality

5.  Parts of the mind  Conscious  Preconscious  Unconscious Unconscious ▪ Free association Free association ▪ Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis ▪ Repression

6.  Personality structure  Id Id ▪ Pleasure principle  Ego Ego ▪ Reality principle  Superego Superego ▪ conscience

7.  Psychosexual stages Psychosexual stages  Oral  Anal  Phallic  Latency  Genital

8. EXPLORING THE UNCONSCIOUS PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES

14.  Erogenous zones  Oedipus complex Oedipus complex  Electra complex  Identification Identification  Fixation Fixation

15.  Defense mechanisms Defense mechanisms  Repression Repression  Regression Regression  Reaction formation Reaction formation  Projection Projection  Rationalization Rationalization  Displacement Displacement  Sublimation Sublimation  Denial Denial

16.  Neo-Freudians  Adler’s inferiority complex  Horney’s sense of helplessness  Jung’s collective unconsciouscollective unconscious  Psychodynamic theory

17.  Projective Test Projective Test  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Thematic Apperception Test  Rorschach Inkblot Test Rorschach Inkblot Test

18.  Contradictory Evidence  Is repression a myth?  The modern unconscious mind  Terror management theory Terror management theory  Freud’s ideas as scientific theory

19.  The modern unconscious mind  Terror management theory Terror management theory  Freud’s ideas as scientific theory

21.  Abraham Maslow  Self-actualization Self-actualization  Self-transcendence  Peak experiences

22.  Carl Rogers  Growth promoting climate ▪ Genuineness ▪ Acceptance ▪ Empathy  Unconditional positive regard Unconditional positive regard  Self-concept Self-concept

23.  Self-report tests  Ideal versus actual self

24.  Renewed interest in self-concept  Criticisms  Vague and subjective  Individualistic and Western biased  Naïve

26.  Trait Trait  Describing rather than explaining  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

27.  Factor analysis  Eysenck and Eysenck ▪ Extroversion versus introversion ▪ Emotional stability versus instability ▪ Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

28. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

29. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

30. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

31. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

32. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

33. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

34. EXPLORING TRAITS FACTOR ANALYSIS

35.  Brain scans  Brain arousal  Genetics  Autonomic nervous system reactivity

36.  Personality inventory Personality inventory  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) ▪ Empirically derived test Empirically derived test ▪ Objective test ▪ Lie scale

37.  The Big Five  Conscientiousness  Agreeableness  Neuroticism ▪ Emotional stability vs instability  Openness  Extraversion

38. THE BIG FIVE FACTORS

45.  Questions on The Big Five  How stable are the traits?  How heritable are the traits?  Do the traits predict other personal attributes?

46.  Person-situation controversy  Are traits consistent?  Can traits predict behavior?

48.  Social-cognitive perspective Social-cognitive perspective  Social-behavioral approach

49.  Reciprocal determinism Reciprocal determinism

50.  Ways individuals and the environment interact  Different people choose different environments  Our personalities shape how we interpret and react to events  Our personalities help create situations to which we react

51. THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF PERSONALITY

55.  Personal control Personal control  Two ways to study personal control ▪ Correlate people’s feelings of control with their behaviors and achievements ▪ Experiment by raising and lowering people’s sense of control and noting the effects

56.  Internal versus external locus of control  External locus of control External locus of control  Internal locus of control Internal locus of control

57.  Self-control

58.  Learned helplessness

62.  Tyranny of choice

63.  Optimism and Health  Excessive Optimism  Blindness to one’s own incompetence  Positive psychology Positive psychology

64.  US Army spy training  Business use of simulations

65.  Based on research  Focuses too much on the situation

66. COMPARING RESEARCH METHODS

74.  Self Self  Possible selves  Spotlight effect Spotlight effect

75.  Self-esteem Self-esteem

76.  Self-serving bias Self-serving bias  People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad, successes than failures  Most people see themselves as better than average  Defensive self-esteem

77.  Individualism Individualism  Collectivism Collectivism

78. INDIVIDUALISM VERSUS COLLECTIVISM