1. Unit 4: The Age of Imperialism (1890-1917) Imperialism in East Asia and Latin America

2. Bell Ringer - A New World Power
At the end of the Spanish-American War, the U.S. had accomplished its goal of becoming a world power, a role we still retain today.
What problems have we faced as a nation historically because of the role we play in the rest of the world?

3. The Filipino Insurrection (1898 – 1902)
Emilio Aguinaldo launches guerilla war against U.S.
Very brutal conflict and U.S. used harsh tactics to put down rebellion
Aguinaldo captured in 1901
5,000 U.S. and 200,000 Filipinos died (most were civilians)

4. An “Open Door” to China
Many nations wanted “spheres of influence” in China for trade rights
1899- Sec. State John Hay wrote “Open Door” notes to Europe’s leaders
Open Door Policy would ensure U.S. equal access to China’s markets
He was basically ignored.

5. The Boxer Rebellion of 1900
In the spring, Chinese Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists (the “Boxers”) rebelled against foreigners
300 foreigners and Christian Chinese were massacred
US sent 2000 troops with 20,000 multi-national force to crush rebellion
Europe’s leaders agree to Open Door Policy

6. The Assassination of McKinley
McKinley was easily re-elected in 1900 with war hero Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice President
Sept. 6, 1901 anarchist Leon Czolgosz assassinates President McKinley
T.R. becomes President 8 days later
The “Modern Presidency” is born
T.R. was an Imperialist and wanted U.S. to continue to grow as world power

7. Youngest President Ever
TR’s Resume
Harvard grad
NY State Legislator – 3 terms
Rancher in Dakota Territory until 1886
Civil Service Commission & Police Commissioner in NY
Asst. Sec. of Navy
War Hero
Governor of NY
Exiled to Vice Presidency
President
42 years & 11 months
Youngest President Ever

8. Exit Slip – Imperialism Under President McKinley
T or F: More American soldiers died during the Filipino Insurrection than during the Spanish-American War.
T or F: During the late 1800s, the U.S. pursued an Open Door Policy with Russia.
T or F: The Boxers in China rebelled because of the Chinese government’s harsh treatment of Christian missionaries.
T or F: Theodore Roosevelt served as Governor of NY prior to becoming Vice President of the U.S. in 1900.

9. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy
“Walk softly and carry a big stick”
U.S. had to accept challenge of empire and be an international leader
Social Darwinsim
Use military when diplomacy failed

10. U.S. Policy in Puerto Rico
Foraker Act (1900) – civil gov’t where U.S. President appointed a governor & part of leg.
Insular Cases – S.C. determined that P. Ricans didn’t have all rights of U.S. citizens
Jones-Shafroth Act (1917) – same rights as U.S. citizens
U.S. Protectorate today & Commonwealth (1952)

11. Cuba Becomes a U.S. Protectorate
Teller Amendment (1898) – No annex!
U.S. Army remained until 1902
Platt Amendment (1903) – Cuba couldn’t sign treaties with other nations unless U.S. approved and leased us naval base at Guantanamo Bay so we could protect the canal zone!

12. The Panama Canal
1902 – U.S. purchased French assets in Panama for $40 million via Spooner Act
US supported revolution in Panama to free it from Colombia in 1903
1904 Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty gave US rights to 10 mile-wide, 46 mile-wide canal zone for $10 Million + $250,000 a year rent
T.R. boasted, “I took the canal zone…”

13. The Panama Canal Completed
Built from
Dr. William Gorgas helped defeat malaria
35,000 workers from 80 nations
5,000 deaths
8,000 miles saved from S.D., CA – N.Y.C.
9 Hours to get through it!
1979 ceded back to Panama
Panama Canal Time Lapse

14. Exit Slip – The U.S. in Latin America
T or F – President Roosevelt’s foreign policy can be described as mild and ineffective.
2. T or F – Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens.
T or F – To build the Panama Canal, the U.S. helped Panama break free from Colombia.
T or F – One obstacle that had to be overcome in building the Panama Canal was disease.

15. Roosevelt Settles the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)
Japan & Russia go to war over influence in China
1904 Japan humiliates Russian fleet at Port Arthur, China
1905 TR wins Nobel Peace Prize for Treaty of Portsmouth, NH
Showed increased role of U.S. in world affairs

16. Roosevelt Updates the Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine (1823) – No new European colonies in W. Hemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary (1905) – U.S. is policeman of W. Hemisphere – this will keep Europe out

17. The “Gentlemen’s Agreement”
1906 SF,CA banned Asian children from public schools
Japanese newspapers demanded action
1907 -TR reached agreement to end segregation in S.F. while Japan would restrict emigration to the U.S.

18. T.R.’s “Great White Fleet”
1907 – TR concerned about Japanese expansion in Asia at the expense of China, Russia, and Korea
He flexes U.S. muscle when he sends 16 new U.S. battleships around world on a “good will cruise”
1908 – It makes a special stop in Japan

19. President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
Taft was T.R.’s “handpicked” successor
Put down the “Big Stick” and substitute $$$ for bullets in Asia and Latin America
It encouraged American investment
U.S. had to use force at times and it really failed

20. President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy
Wilson (D) – Anti-imperialist at heart
U.S. would never again seek “one square foot” of territory and we would promote “natural rights” and self-determination
Still we intervened in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico

21. Wilson sends U.S. troops to Mexico
Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz was friendly to U.S. businesses
1911 F. Madero > V. Huerta, but Wilson wanted V. Carranza
1914 Wilson sent U.S. Marines to Veracruz, Mexico and Huerta’s government collapsed

22. The Hunt for Pancho Villa
Revolutionary Pancho Villa, angry b/c Carranza was slow to bring about change, raided Columbus, N.M. in 1916 and killed 18 Americans
Wilson sent General John J. Pershing + 10,000 troops to find him
11 month search, 400 miles into Mexico, called off in March 1917 as WW I raged in Europe
Villa was killed by unknown assassins in 1923

23. Exit Slip – U.S. Imperialism in Asia
The U.S. fought a costly war from after winning it from Spain?
a. Cuba b. China c. The Philippines d. Vietnam
2. The U.S. wanted an Open Door Policy in this nation?
a. Japan b. China c. Vietnam d. Korea
President ______ won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905 for settling a conflict between Russia and Japan.
a. Roosevelt b. Taft c. Wilson d. McKinley
4. A Gentlemen’s Agreement was reached between the U.S. and _______ to settle the issue of segregated schools in SF,CA.
a. Cuba b. China c. Spain d. Japan