1. Building Simulation

2. BMEABMEA uilding odeling nergy nalysis

3. What is BMEA? Models a building Existing or proposed Shell and Core Lighting Equipment Load Occupancy Internal Mass Environmental Systems Schedules Climate Utility Service

4. Shell and Core Exterior walls Structure and finish Windows Glass, frame, size Doors Type and size Roof Type, material, overhang Shading Natural and structural Insulation Type and R-value Floors Floor covering and insulation Ceiling Construction and insulation Interior walls Construction and arrangement Interior massFurniture

5. Lighting Bulb Fixture Placement Recessed, surface, or hanging Open or enclosed

6. Equipment Load Office Equipment Infrastructure Industrial Process Load Breakdown UtilityTotal building load ThermostatLoads in zones MeterLoads in non-HVAC spaces

7. Environmental Systems Built-up Package Split system Air & water Geothermal Solar Process HVAC VFD Pumps and fans T-stat warm-up and setback Exhaust fans Zoning Domestic hot water

8. Schedules Daily, weekly, and annual Weekends and holidays Types Occupancy Lighting Equipment Environmental Systems

9. Climate Model anywhere in the U.S. Seasonal Day and night 30-year average

10. Utility Service Electric and gas Anywhere in the U.S. Basic and demand charges Block and ratchet charges Rate analysis

11. What can BMEA do for me? Evaluate options Optimize strategies Compare costs Simple payback Life cycle Return-on-investment Evaluate energy usage Rate reductions Rebates Tax credits Reduce energy costs

12. Caveats Clearly defined objectives Cost-effective modifications Energy-usage figures are relative Cost vs. Value

14. Two-Story Office Building Portland, OR Structure - 25,000 sq. ft. 6” concrete slab Ext. Wall – 2 x 6 metal frame Fiberboard sheathing R-19 batt Built-up roof 3” polyurethane R-18

15. Two-Story Office Building Windows- ¼” Double-clear on North ¼” Double-bronze all other Doors - ¼” clear glass w/ 3” Al frame Int. Wall - 2” x 4” metal frame Drywall R-13 batt

16. Two-Story Office Building Ceiling- Lay-in acoustic tile No ceiling insulation Floors- Carpet w/ fiber pad 12 foot floor-to-floor 9 foot floor-to-ceiling

17. Two-Story Office Building Lighting- 2 x 4 concealed troffer T8 ES fluorescent High-efficiency magnetic ballast Loads- 2 watt/sq. ft. No exterior loads

18. Two-Story Office Building Occupancy- 8 am – 5 pm Mon – Fri Major US holidays 90% while open

19. Two-Story Office Building Environmental Systems AHUSupply and return fans Economizer Constant speed +1 hour open/close Chill water coil 55F discharge air for cooling

20. Two-Story Office Building VAVCore and perimeter zones 74 / 72 Occ. – 82 / 64 Unocc. Plenum return Hot water heating coil 95F discharge air for heat

21. Two-Story Office Building Chiller-Electric recip. hermetic Air-cooled condenser 44F supply water Boiler-Natural gas 80% efficiency rating 180F discharge water

22. Two-Story Office Building Domestic Hot WaterNatural gas 88-gallon tank 135F discharge PumpsConstant speed Standard motor

23. Two-Story Office Building ElectricityPGE Schedule 32 Small Non-Residential 0.085/kW Natural gasNW Natural Schedule 31 Non-Residential 0.95/Therm (100,000 Btu)

24. Running the Simulation Baseline Electricity146,650 kW $12,465 Natural gas5,252 Therms $4,935 Energy Total$17,400

25. Running the Simulation Raise Cooling Set Point Raise cooling set point from 74F to 75F Reduce annual electricity consumption 2250 kW annually $190 per year 1.1% of annual energy cost

26. Running the Simulation Replacing the Boiler Install 90% efficiency boiler Reduce natural gas consumption 550 Therms annually $525 per year 3.0% of annual energy cost Oregon Business Energy Tax Credit 35% of project cost over five years

27. Running the Simulation Synergy Raise the temperature and replace the boiler 2250kW$190 annually 737 Therms$695 annually $885 in energy savings 5.1% of total energy bill

28. Building Modeling Energy Analysis Simulate an existing or proposed building Model a wide range of building elements Structural Environmental Flexible and adaptable Cost-effective analysis Wrapping it Up