2. Welcome to HRC Bagh Workshop on Safer Building Through Improving Steel Detailing

3. Objective To understand the recommended practices with reference to earthquake resistant techniques to make their houses safe; To improve steel detailing in in building construction; To sensitize the stakeholders to adopt earthquake safer techniques; To ensure the effective technology transfer to the target groups.

5. WELCOME Bagh Seismic zone

6. Destruction In Earthquake

7. 7 RC Frame Buildings DHQH Bagh

8. 8 RC Frame Buildings

9. 9 Margalla Tower

10. Earthquake 2005 Ring Spacing

11. Ring Problem

12. Our Practice?

13. Spacing of Stirrups Effects

14. Common Practice New

15. Recommended Spacing Ring Spacing= 4″

16. Recommended Shape of Seismic Stirrup 3″ 135° Such stirrups do not open even during strong shaking

17. Column “L” AND Base

18. Deficient Length of “L”

19. 19 Proper Column Base “L” Should be= 12 inch

20. Beam To Column Joint

21. Wrong Practices

22. Results

23. Beam To Column Joint at lintel Level

24. Our Practice Mistake Result

25. Interior Beam-Column Joint Beam long bar should passed from the center of column 0‘-6"

26. Wrong Practice Is it ok?

27. Proper Plinth Corner Joint

28. Band To Column Joint at corner

29. Right way at middle/ Junction Minimum= 2 Feet

30. OVERLAPPING

31. 31 Length of vertical bar not sufficient for 2 nd Storey Practice still continued

32. Why column fails?

33. Proper way of Lapping Min 4‘-0" Sufficient lapping length Within lapping length, stirrups at closer spacing Location at mid height Not more than 50 % bars lapped at a section

34. Our Practice (New) Lap length is 15”

35. Overlapping in Beam Recommended Overlap should be equal to= 60 x D

36. Identify Reasons?

37. Framing around opening New After Remedy

38. Infill Walls Connection With? Before OCT 2005

39. 39 Tie-up of Walls

40. 40 Tie-up of Walls

41. Why crack develop? Beam bar not bent up near support to overcome negative movement

42. Why crack develop?

43. Bent up bars

44. What is Our Practice Construct beam and slab together

45. Commonly used steel reinforcement Mild Steel High Strength Deformed Bar Should be free from loose mill scale, loose rust, coat of paints and oils, cracks, surface flaws, laminations etc Should comply with requirement of dimension and weight Should not break while bending Steel Reinforcement

46. Simple Steel Quality Test Making close hook 4d and bent the bar at 180 degree then straight it. Good quality bar doesn't break, while bad quality steel breaks.

47. Spacers Concrete Cover Column= 1.5″ Beam= 1.5″ Slab=3/4″ Foundation=3″

48. Thank You!!!