1. Advanced WiMAX Adapter to Serve Adaptive Applications/Processes in Convergenced Manner Tuomas Nissilä, VTT Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Email: tuomas.nissila@vtt.fi, Phone: +358405028168 NGMAST 2008, 16-19th of September, 2008 Cardiff, Wales, UK

2. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 2 Contents Preface Introduction System model Evaluation Conclusion

3. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 3 Preface This research has been done in EU IST-FP6 WEIRD project.  24 months integrated EU project to study WiMAX extension to isolated research data networks.  WEIRD team consisted of 16 companies from different European countries.  4 WiMAX testbeds each connected to GEANT2 through local research data network.  For more information: http://www.ist-weird.eu/ GEANT = Gigabit European Academic Network WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

4. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 4 Introduction ( 1 / 2 ) Several recent studies show that future BWA technologies will exploit increasingly different adaptive and co-operative techniques to achieve the requested end-to-end QoS and a more efficient utilisation of system resources. Adaptive and environment aware application/processes require channel state, network state, and other necessary information for the decisions to assure the operating to be fair, reliably, and correct. Adaptation also needs the related control of equipment and co- operative network to put the adaptive changes into the practice. BWA = Broadband Wireless Access QoS = Quality of Service

5. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 5 Introduction ( 2 / 2 ) There is need for an Adapter implementation to serve different adaptative processes/applications with two primary services.  Retrieval and delivery of necessary input data for adaptive applications/processes.  Trigger of management action in network. The basic WiMAX Adapter was presented in the 1st BWA Workshop in adjacent of NGMAST 2007 Conference, 13-14th of September 2007, Cardiff, Wales, UK. Here we present an Advanced WiMAX Adapter implementation that could serve different adaptive processes/applications among the future BWA networks. BWA = Broadband Wireless Access WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

6. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 6 System model High level view of WiMAX Adapter HW = Hardware WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

7. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 7 System model Advanced WiMAX Adapter for SS/UE, and ASN-GW/NCS systems BS = Base Station CNMS = Conventional Network Monitoring System DB = Data Base GA = Generic Adapter MIB = Management Information Base MIH = Media Independend Handover RC = Resource Controller SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol SS = Subscriber Station UE = User End VSA = Vendor Specific Adapter WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

8. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 8 Evaluation Aims for experiments (1) SNMP packet sizes are rather low in normal case, which causes an unoptimal use of the link. This gives a motivation for aggregation study to see how the link behaves with different levels of aggregated data. We studied the benefits of aggregation for the presented Advanced WiMAX Adapter model.  SNMP monitoring (GET request/response)  Application layer aggregation.  WiMAX and Ethernet, considering both SS-side and ASN-GW- side Adapter solutions. ASN-GW = Access Service Network Gateway SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol SS = Subscriber Station WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

9. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 9 Evaluation Aims for experiments (2) Baseline measurements  Maximum throughput for the WiMAX UL.  UL modulations from BPSK to 64QAM. Aggregation experiments  For WiMAX and Ethernet links.  For WiMAX link 64QAM used to reach the upper bounds. Performance metrics:  Packet rate, Goodput, Delay.  Goodput gain (derived metric).  Percentual amount of system bandwidth used for the management (derived metric). UL = Uplink WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

10. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 10 Evaluation Testbed structure ASN-GW = Access Service Network Gateway NCS = Network Control System SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol SS = Subscriber Station UE = User End WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

11. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 11 Evaluation WiMAX configuration BS = Base Station FDD = Frequency Division Duplex LOS = Line-of-Sight NLOS = Non-Line-of-Sight SS = Subscriber Station WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

12. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 12 Evaluation Aggregated dataflow, SS/UE -> WiMAX BS BS = Base Station DL = Downlink H = Header OID = Object Identifier S = Sample SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol SS = Subscriber Station UE = User End UL = Uplink WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

13. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 13 Evaluation Aggregated dataflow, ASN-GW/NCS -> WiMAX BS ASN-GW = Access Service Network Gateway BS = Base Station H = Header NCS = Network Control System S = Sample WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

14. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 14 Evaluation Measurement Setup The test data consist from the available SNMP OIDs in the MIB DB of the Airspan MicroMAX-SoC BS. We obted to use all available OIDs for experiments to get practical averaging in the variable binding sizes. The average size for an SNMP variable binding was 20 bytes. The measurements in each experiment case were made by averaging the results derived from 10000 consecutive monitoring requests. BS = Base Station DB = Data Base MIB = Management Information Base OID = Object Identifier SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol

15. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 15 Evaluation Baseline measurement results The baseline measurements of this research were to evaluate the maximum throughput in the WiMAX UL. The throughputs each different UL modulation were measured. UL = Uplink WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

16. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 16 Evaluation Aggregation impact on round-trip delay [1 ms]

17. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 17 Evaluation Packet rate and goodput; Ethernet

18. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 18 Evaluation Packet rate and goodput; WiMAX 64QAM

19. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 19 Evaluation Aggregation impact on goodput gain [1 bps/bps]

20. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 20 Evaluation Maximum usage of system bandwidth for management

21. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 21 Evaluation Hypothesis of the results (1) We found that SNMP communication, which is motivated to take only a very strict amount of bandwidth, has a significant benefit from aggregation.  Retreaving monitoring information simply object-by-object leads to unoptimal use of the link.  Especially for SNMP monitoring, larger amount of information is motivated to be requested at once, less frequently.  The results show this to be fact both for wireless WiMAX link and wired Ethernet link. SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

22. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 22 Evaluation Hypothesis of the results (2) We found that SNMP OID aggregation in application-layer increases the goodput even to 45-folds for WiMAX link and 6-folds for Ethernet link.  Even using lower aggregation levels, from 2 to 5, aggregation gives a significant advance in goodput for both.  For higher than 5 aggregations the benefits become more visible for wireless WiMAX link.  Aggregation and compression methods in HW-specific layers would allow further benefits to be reached for the link capacity optimisation. HW = hardware SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

23. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 23 Conclusion This work presents an Advanced WiMAX Adapter implementation to allow management action triggering of WiMAX HW. The Advanced WiMAX Adapter can serve multiple user applications, and converge between different WiMAX vendor equipment.  This was achieved by splitting the Adapter to Generic Adapter and Vendor Specific Adapter parts.  Details are hidden into Vendor Specific Adapter parts.  High level abstract interface is provided for upper layers. Aggregation benefits for SNMP management was studied with promising results. HW = Hardware SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol WiMAX = Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

24. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 24 Discussion Thank You for Attention!