1. TCP/IP

2. The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is commonly also known as TCP/IP named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. communications protocolsInternetTransmission Control ProtocolInternet Protocol Internet Protocol Suite

3. The Internet Protocol Suite consists of four abstraction layers. From the lowest to the highest layer, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer Internet Protocol Suite

6. The Link Layer contains communication technologies for the local network the host is connected to directly, the link.Link Layer It provides the basic connectivity functions interacting with the networking hardware of the computer and the associated management of interface-to-interface messaging.

7. The Internet Layer (Network layer) provides communication methods between multiple links of a computer and facilitates the interconnection of networks.Internet Layer As such, this layer establishes the Internet. It contains primarily the Internet Protocol, which defines the fundamental addressing namespaces, Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) used to identify and locate hosts on the network.Internet Protocol Version 4Internet Protocol Version 6

8. Internet LayerInternet Layer (Network) Addresses Resolution Protocol ARP (Reverse Addresses Resolution Protocol) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol Multicasting

9. Addresses Resolution Protocol ARP (Reverse Addresses Resolution Protocol) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol Multicasting (IGMP)Internet Group Management Protocol Internet LayerInternet Layer (Network)

10. Direct host-to-host communication tasks are handled in the Transport Layer, which provides a general framework to transmit data between hosts using protocols like the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Transport LayerUser Datagram ProtocolProtocol (UDP). Back Ports Flow Control Packet Switching

11. Transport Layer (IANA) EInternet Assigned Numbers Authority)

12. Transport Layer

14. The highest-level Application Layer contains all protocols that are defined each specifically for the functioning of the vast array of data communications services.Application Layer This layer handles application-based interaction on a process-to-process level between communicating Internet hosts.

15. Application Layer (File Transfer Protocol) FTP 8080 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) SMTP 25 110 (Post Office Protocol) POP3 (Domain Name System) DNS (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DHCP (Simple Network Management Protocol) SNMP Console Agents