1. The meaning of facets in nondisciplinary classifications Claudio Gnoli (University of Pavia) (ISKO Italy) pictures by Caterina Barazia

2. in memory of Douglas Foskett, whose writings are far greater than the sum of their words...

3. Disciplines are an arbitrary constraint on classification schemes Brown (1906) Kyle (1959) Foskett (1961, 1970) Austin (1969) Beghtol (1998) Williamson (1998) Szostak (2004) López-Huertas (pers. comm.)

4. Defining classes as disciplines and their subdivisions is a top-down approach

5. An alternative bottom-up approach Farradane (1961) Austin (1969) Foskett (1970) Gnoli & Poli (2004)

6. Facet analysis has usually been applied to disciplinary schemes Objects Parts Properties Materials Actionsin Medicine: in Technology: Operations= Therapies = Working... Agents Space Time

7. What is the meaning of facets when they refer to phenomenon classes? Colour? Price? Bodywork? Fuel? Firm? class: Cars

8. Predicate logic I go from Pavia to Vienna by train moving meVienna Pavia train moving object destination provenance mean P A1A2 A3 A4

9. Any class can be considered as a predicate, with a set of potential arguments = facets with organ [A1] at growth stage [A2] affected by disease [A3] living in habitat [A4] plants [P]

10. Integrative Level Classification research project w w w. i s k o i. o r g / i l c

11. Free classification Italian vineyards cultivation : grapes : Italy S Mpfdg K^ei (Brisch in Kyle 1956) (Gardin 1965)

12. Ambiguities with specialized documents The dialect of the village of Portalbera, and wine terminology in Oltrepò pavese villages : cultivation : words : grapes : Oltrepò pavese Tle S Ruo MpfdgK@f...Facets are needed !

13. Definition of facets Relations typical of a phenomenon with other phenomena Plants typically: Cars typically: have organs, have some bodywork, are in some growth stage, use some fuel, are affected by some disease, are made by some firm, live in some habitat,......

14. Freely faceted classification Scultivation 4mpfdg of plant: grapes 2k^ei in region: Italy S4mpfdg2k^ei Italian vineyards...Notation gets complex and long: suitable for machine processing, but not for shelving (Austin 1976, 1979)

15. Extra-defined foci Italian vineyards Scultivation 4 [Mp] of plant... 4fdg of grapes <= Mpfdg grapes 2 [K^] in region... 2ei in Italy <= K^ei Italy S4fdg2ei

16. General extra-defined foci Mpplants Tartifacts Ne perception Ne8 [*] of object... Ne8mp perception of plants Ne8t perception of artifacts

17. Context-defined foci place of unique definition (Farradane) Xi music Xi3 [:] played by instrument... Xi3kmusic played by stringed instruments Xi3n music played by wind instruments

18. Cascading facets X arts X3 produced by technique... Xi music Xi3 music played with instrument... Xiv compositions Xiv3 ??

19. Ongoing work check and tune solutions suggested by the general model write more PHP code to manage facets and foci build a Web assistant for easy construction of classmarks...

20. ...Nondisciplinary (faceted) classification is feasible