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Standardization and Research Prof. Dr. Christine Giger Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich http://www.geoit.ethz.ch/ © Atlas der Schweiz - interaktiv
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-212 Standards?!
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-213 Switzerland?! CZ = CH ?!
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-214 Swiss Newspaper (Tages-Anzeiger 14.8.02) Slovak Republic! Hungary?
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-215 Access to Geodata! Examples: Institute for Cartography, ETH Zurich
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-216 Information Communities “An Information Community is a collection of people (e.g. a government agency, a profession, a group of researchers in the same discipline, etc.) who … share a common digital geographic information language and share common spatial feature definitions. This implies a common world view as well as common abstractions, feature representations, and metadata.” (according to Open GIS Consortium, 1999, www.opengis.org)
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-217 Different Semantics In any application of spatial information: There is a demand for integrating spatial data from different sources, which belong to different information communities. Usually this integration is non-trivial because of the different semantics used for the spatial data in different information communities.
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-218 Example: Urban Planning We need different features and attributes from different data sources, amongst others: Citizens’ and politicians’ opinions on street network Basic spatial data from official survey Possible paths for traffic from private supplier for car navigation data Information on lane surface properties from road maintenance
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-219 Example: spatial features and attributes The data on streets should be characterized by: Purpose and notion Geometry Accuracy and co-ordinate system
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2110 Example : What is a street? Information Community CitizensOfficial survey NavigationRoad maintenance Purpose/ Notion Traffic, noise Part of a tessellation, consists of parcels Part of a path, which has to be calculated 3D object with different surface features and infrastructure attributes GeometryLine on a map Polygon, specifying an area Connected line segments, topology explicitly stored Linear object, street axis Accuracy/ Co- ordinate system Sufficient for recognizing the street in reality / adequate 1 to 10 cm / local, official co- ordinate system (x,y) 10 to 30 meters / local, official co-ordinate system (x,y) ~ 10 cm to 50 cm / linear co- ordinate system (u,v)
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2111 Problem There is not ONE geometry or description for a spatial object How to describe semantics of spatial objects in a formal way? How to provide services for data transfer, data integration, quality checks, etc.? Approaches: CH: INTERLIS ISO/TC211: conceptual schema language Science: Ontology
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2112 What is an Ontology? In Philosophy: A science or study of being: specifically, a branch of metaphysics relating to the nature and relations of being; a particular system according to which problems of the nature of being are investigated In Artificial Intelligence / Computer Science: A theory concerning the kinds of entities and specifically the kinds of abstract entities that are to be admitted to a language system. OR simply: A specification of a conceptualization.
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2113 Research topics in Geoinformation Science … which are related to ISO/TC211 standards use of Ontologies for spatial data processing Image semantics Interoperable Services Location-based Services Handling of spatio-temporal data 3-D Information systems Data Usability Ontology and Metadata Spatial Data Infrastructures …
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2114 (GI-) Standards
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2115 Benefits for Research According to the Swiss experience (mainly during the INTERLIS development), standards: provide a reliable basis prevent from re-inventing the wheel offer interesting research topics (during development) may offer an opportunity to disseminate know-how and research results
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2116 Benefits for Standardization Today‘s research results (in GI Science and Technology) will influence the market in 5-7 years Students who use standards in projects, thesis, and courses: are well-educated experts who appreciate the standards‘ usability help to disseminate the standards and enforce their market presence Research institutions provide neutral experts to test, evaluate, and improve existing standards
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GeoInformation Technologies Prof. Dr. Ch. Giger - Standardization and ResearchISO/TC211, 2003-05-2117 Conclusion Keep close contact between Standardization and Research!
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