1. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Berlin 24 May 2001 Martin Jackson, Bombardier Aerospace Jeremiah Woolsey, Interactive Documents International

3. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness, and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

4. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness, and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

5. Aviation Industry Paradoxes Aircraft need support over 30 years –the older the aircraft the more customers and configurations to support Myriad of publications systems and formats –the older the system the more expensive it is to migrate Engineering data is authority for revisions –The older the engineering system the greater the disconnect to publications Modern aircraft are increasingly complex –The experience age of technicians is declining Aircraft grounded are huge cost burdens –Customers require ever more efficient information retrieval

6. IETM stagnation dynamic text - static graphics Graphics are created, stored and presented as static visuals Usability of manuals have stagnated (interactivity is text based) No links available from manuals to additional data on the web Customers print wiring manuals from electronic version to be usable No interfaces from IPC to parts ordering 35% increase in trouble shooting efficiency via interactive documents not achievable without dynamic graphics

7. What is a Technical Illustration? It is not: strictly engineering data art for arts sake It is: a communicator of technical information the most efficient means of passing on spatial information An intelligent graphic is also: a navigation tool the most efficient means of passing on spatial and textual information

8. Technological Convergence why the time is right for intelligent graphics Web CGM –Vector intelligent technical graphics viewable via browsers ATA CGM –Vector technical graphic data interchange proven to be reliable across applications and platforms Industry graphic style guide –The industry accepts visual communication standards e-Business –Provides opportunities to link to / from customer information processes Human issues –The modern mechanic has less time, is relatively inexperienced but more computer literate

9. 4 Key Business Strategies Quality Controls –from 14 to 26 secondary and 50 tertiary vendors per program reliable digital data and quality controls Change Process Management –4 revisions per year 50,000 revisions to illustrations during publications life structured graphic data and efficient change process Engineering Synergies –50% of all publications work is research synergy between publications and engineering Single Source Graphics –Each illustration tells a unique story –Each illustrated component is the same component based illustrating

10. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness, and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

11. Why CGM? Platform independent ISO standard Web enabled Industry profiles available Efficient data sizes Conformance test suites established Large existing legacy data sets

12. CGM Standard (ISO/IEC 8632) Version 1 The original 1992 standard -vector data including polygons, lines, rectangles, circles, arcs, text plus uncompressed raster data. Version 2 Corrections to v1 and some minor improvements Version 3 Advanced curves support (Bezier, conic arcs, B-splines), improved text handling, line attributes, raster compression, more colour models. Version 4 Application structures that enable intelligent graphics, more precise line type support

13. CGM Profiles ATA - Air Transport Association GREXchange Graphics Exchange standard for version 1and 3 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile IGEX Intelligent Graphics Exchange standard for version 4 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile WebCGM The intelligent web-enabled profile January 99 - recommended for use by W3C CALS - (Continuous Acquisition & Life-Cycle Support) –MIL-D-28003A Standards for the exchange of military graphics for technical publications PIP - Petroleum Industry Profile Geophysical and trace mapping usage with extensive use of colour and patterning. SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) SAE J2008 Profile

14. The quality triangle Squeezing through the quality loop ISO 8632 Industry Profile NIST & syntax checkers Goodness

15. Goodness How can a syntactically correct CGM not be good? Line styles Text alignment Circles and curves Layers - corporate handshakes Colour precision Line continuation Inherited quality issues A B A Q LOSS CGM CGM

16. Supplier Graphic Data Typical problems differing visual clues uncertain locations confusing detail huge fragmented CAD files different layering schemes CGM fonts scaling colour maps line fonts ellipses masks fragmentation huge CAD files

17. Graphic Style About 50% of supplier errors are style related Why does it matter? –Visual communication –Goodness controls –Visual coding –Use of illustration fragments Cost versus Quality –$2m+/ yr in Aerospace spent reworking graphics for style purposes (1997 ATA Survey) –Limits reuse of illustration fragments ATA Graphics Style Standard –Recommended for use in 2000 –Created by all major manufacturers and component vendors with input from AECMA. –In use now within Aerospace community

18. Colour Standards Video display units Training courses Single source graphics Exchanging colour graphics Reliable results Print and display ATA Colour standard Web safe colours Black70% 99 Black50% 149 Black30% 020 Black 00 99 149 0 0 Gray 70% Gray 50% Gray 30% Black 255 White 255 0 513 238 141 33 141 701 233511173 Magenta Violet Lilac Warm Red 255 0 1385 216128 1585 255116 375 362 416 0 0 48 141 255 150 151 3245 290 0 191 255 226 Yellow 255 0 0 66 0 0 122 255 247 0 465 195 172 130 266 647 Red Amber Orange Green Dark Green Olive Cyan Light Blue Yellow Beige Blue Dim Blue 0 60 0 86 255 110 Color Name Pantone Matching System RGB

19. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness, and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

20. An e -Business model CUSTOMER INFORMATION CENTRE SPARES dBase ENGINEERING DIGITAL MOCK UP SPARES INVENTORIES ORDERING INTEGRATED SERVICES PRODUCT & SERVICES INTEGRATED TO PROVIDE UP TO DATE DATA INTER LINKED TO RELATED DATA CUSTOMER SUPPORT FLEET SUPPORT FSR HOT TIPS CUSTOMER RECORD ACCOUNT REPS TRAINING COURSE SCHEDULES ANIMATIONS VIDEOS COURSE ORDERING PUBLICATIONS MANUALS INFO SERVICE SERVICE BULLETINS TECH SERVICES MAINTENANCE PLANNING PARTS WARRANTY ORDERING INTRANET ENGINEERING CONTRACTS SALES WORKFLOW TOOLS SUPPORTS INTRANET AND FLOW TO C.I.C. EBOM AS MAINTAINED AS DELIVERED M BOM WEB BROWSER INTERFACE WORKFLOWS PROFILE FILTERING www.cic.bombardier.com ORGANIZATIONS FIREWALL FAULT DIAGNOSTIC INFO SERVICE FAQ CHAT MARKETING SERVICES HUMP CIMMS EMP EHUMP SPARE PARTS FRACAS INVENTOR Y LEVELS PARTS ORDERING IPC REMOVALS & INSTALLATIONS SBS MANUALS CMM TRAINING 3D MODELS VIDEO ANIMATION MM CUSTOMERS PARTNERS VENDORSEMPLOYEES PC ONBOARD LAP REMOTE INTERNAL ENGINEERING PUBS BAGD041001 3D VIRTUAL AIRCRAFT PUBLISH & SUBSCRIBED ATA VIEW AS MAINTAINED CONFIGURATION

21. CGM as e -Business enabler BAGD041201 TRAINING CGM V1-4 Multimedia Photos Animations WEB SITE PROFILE ACCESS ENGINEERING DIGITAL MOCK UP LMS CUSTOMER SUPPORT MANUFACTURING ORDERING IETM MMSB WM IPC TRAINING MODULES PILOT MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS VENDORS EMPLOYEES TECH. MANUALS REMOTE INTERNAL BAGD041201 GRAPHIC dBase BASIC STATIC INTERFACE WEB CGM CGM V3 CGM V1-4 Multimedia Photos Animations WEB CGM

22. Navigation by detail and component Navigation by detail for interactive delivery Navigation by static visual clues by core paper delivery Details reused in multiple occurrences Locator controls navigation relationships

23. Effectivity on the fly User login activates profile and aircraft effectivityUser login activates profile and aircraft effectivity Effectivity recorded on XML companion fileEffectivity recorded on XML companion file Returns rendering of component based on effectivity and size, view parametersReturns rendering of component based on effectivity and size, view parameters Parts list and ordering mechanism synchronized from companion file to return correct meta data.Parts list and ordering mechanism synchronized from companion file to return correct meta data.

24. Variations in Paper and Digital Delivery Paper delivery WILL still be required 10 years from now Intelligent content and paper incompatible Regulatory bodies need to synchronise all media deliveries Concept of core data and extended data

25. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness, and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

26. Graphics Creation new tools -- old methods ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of maintenance and operational tasks Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure 50% of creation time spent in search of engineering drawings/models/change drivers Orientation of 3D models and 2D orthographic drawings to task-specific view

27. Graphics Creation new tools -- old methods ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of maintenance and operational tasks Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure 50% of creation time spent in search of engineering drawings/models/change drivers Orientation of 3D models and 2orthographic engineering drawings to task-specific view

28. Graphics Creation (cont) new tools -- old methods Extraction of geometry 2D-3D & HLR, part metadata is typically not captured Context is not saved, re-used, must repeat process - task configuration (BOM) and orientation Illustrated components/fragments not reused -nowhere-used of part in (SGML/XML) task instance Intelligence in graphic is manually authored Customer Support-specific attributes not at source

29. Intelligent Gfx Creation & Revision Capturing component intelligence from: –Engineering design data CAD/CAM/PDM Maintenance View of product structure needed – subset of complete bill of materials - LRUs & SSIs Geometry (both 2D and 3D where existing) static & kinematic visualizations Transport (via XML) metadata elements used by Customer Support: –e.g. part number, material spec, CAGE code, service effectivity, interchangeability (1 & 2-way)

30. Intelligent Gfx Creation & Revision (cont) Supplier data –Supplier Engineering data –Supplier Product Support (SGML/XML/CGM) Legacy illustrations - leverage commonality of parts –30% for derivative programs Automating grobject creation for legacy Gfx –Using scripts to find patterns (text/fonts/layers) –Revisit CAD conversion process - extract native entity attributes, serialize to XML –Direct linking to source PDM intelligence

31. Opportunities for Efficiency Gains Reduction of research activities (50% of current efforts) Build task-specific views of product structure automatically, save as context –IPC becomes customer support Bill of Material Reusing detail views and components –increases reuse by a factor of 200 –average of 2.5 locator views per sheet –improves consistency and reliability of data

32. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

33. Engineering Source Graphic Data Extraction PUBLISHING dBase GRAPHIC\ dBase ENGINEERING DIGITAL MOCK-UP WIRING DIAGRAM WIRING LIST XML WIRING DIAGRAM WIRING LIST XML WIRING DIAGRAM WIRING LIST XML CORE DESIGN VIEW CONTEXT PUBLISH & SUBSCRIBE WHERE USED ANALYSIS (AMTOSS) EFFECTIVITY/ APPLICABILITY CONDITIONS PARSEREPLICATEPUBLISH BAGD0301_001.cdr XML METADATA CONTEXT FILTERING APPROVAL GRAPHIC STYLEGUIDE AUTO- EXTRACTION CGM CONVERSION CGM V4 XML

34. Interfacing with Engineering Managing product change - impact analysis –Individuals or Customer Support units can set change notification rules based on specific: ATA systems, aircraft zones, approval level, etc... Re-Use 3D Graphic Models –for illustration and/or maintenance task simulation Customer Support view vs best-so-far –All aircraft configurations need to be supported, not just the most current design

35. Engineering to illustration process - new illustrations WORK STATION PC & THIN CLIENT Document Part Product Standard Part VPDM System Orient Models to one of 8 isometric views Extract Illustration (CGM v4) or kinematics Import CGM v4 into illustration application Filter by VIEWS /Work area Close unwanted models Open models in viewer Automatically Create Task/Context with parts in illustration Deliver illustration (electronically and on paper) Create Axis, eliminate extraneous data Use Configured Digital Mock-up search tools to find the parts to include in illustration Analysis Phase Orientation Phase Extraction Phase

36. Engineering to illustration process - revising illustrations WORK STATION PC & THIN CLIENT Document Part Product Standard Part VPDM System Engineering changes the product Check illustration(s) using part to see if they need to be revised Load task/context Refresh task/context to display variances User receives and acknowledges Email notification System compares revision with previous task/context and notifies owner by email Load models from Context and auto style extract updated master component or view Consult change documents No Yes End System identifies which tasks/contexts are affected by the change in near real- time Change Notification Verification of Applicability Revise Illustration Update illustration?

37. Developing a Customer Support Bill Of Material create as-maintained task-based view (link parts to tasks) engineering validity vs production effectivity vs service effectivity unified effectivity model operator input - updating in-service configuration –recording part removals and installations

39. Enabling Legacy Engineering Data Enhance use of conversions - graphics, plus: Metadata extraction - XML can facilitate by: –common structured data format –support for external applications –provide conversion bridge between CGM, SGML, web and engineering systems.

40. Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery Business issues Standards, goodness and style Delivering efficiency to the customer Internal efficiencies Engineering interfaces Summary

41. Organizational Change Process –authoring more rigorous –graphics much more structured –link resolution needs to be validated –revision cycle more complex –create once use many Human Issues –are publications staff equipped and ready for change in work process?

42. XML the metadata key transporting engineering metadata from partners/suppliers transporting product support metadata from partners & suppliers transporting data between de-coupled departmental databases Design ==> Manufacturing ==> Customer Support transforming SGML to XML and XSLT for Web presentation

43. SGML-XML-WebCGM based IPC PUBLISHING dBase GRAPHIC\ dBase SGML/XML EDITOR SHEET 1 SHEET 2 META DATA SHEET 3 V4 IMBEDDED ON CALLOUTS LINK MANAGEMENT DOCUMENT LINKS LINK RESOLUTION EXTERNAL LINKS PARTS ORDERING GRAPHIC POOL PUBLICATIONS DTD PARTS LIST IMPORT WEB CGM/XML INTERNAL ILLUSTRATIONS TEMPLATES SUPPLIER ILLUSTRATIONS ENGINEERING PSD or SAP dBase LEGACY PUBLICATIONS XML TRANSFORMATION PARSE STYLESHEETS CGM v3 2100 CGM v4 INTELLIGENT GRAPHIC AUTHORING APPLICATION AUTO LINKING SCRIPTS LINK RESOLUTION PUBLISH CD-ROM WEB WEB LINKS SGML <SHEET GNBR=gip1121000_001 SHEETNBR=1 XNBR=gip1121000_001 LIVE LINKING PARSE bagd022001_002.cdr PAPER INTERACTIVE FORMAT

44. Summary the time is right WebCGM as core graphic format –supplemental formats:.avi,.mpeg,.jpeg,.svg etc.. WebCGM can support static paper as well as interactive media: Web-CD-ROM-DVD WebCGM and XML enable essential quality controls – batch goodness checking possible on structured graphics XML facilitates metadata linking to graphic objects XML enables synergy between related standards: –Maintenance Steering Group (MSG-DTD), Component Reliability Data Collection (CDRC) Validate, STEP Engineering BOM

45. Summary Achieve most accurate, up-to-date snapshot of A/C configuration in a highly dynamic change Design Customer Support authoring/delivery systems with regard for end-user needs, provide the maintenance and flight crews: – right data – at the right time –in the media most appropriate to the task