1. There is no oil left on earth. Therefore, there is no power for electricity. Describe your morning routine getting ready for school without using any electricity.

2. How did big business & new inventions change society and lead to industrial growth?

3. What is industrialization? a change from hand-made production to machine manufacturing a change from hand-made production to machine manufacturing increased the supply & lowered the cost of producing finished goods increased the supply & lowered the cost of producing finished goods

4. How did improved transportation help industrialization? RRs and canals allowed businesses to ship finished goods to national markets throughout the U.S. RRs and canals allowed businesses to ship finished goods to national markets throughout the U.S. Moved natural resources to eastern factories Moved natural resources to eastern factories Ex. iron ore to steel mills in Pittsburgh Ex. iron ore to steel mills in Pittsburgh

5. How did farm & city life change after the Civil War? Mechanization (ex. McCormick reaper) reduced farm labor needs & increased food production Mechanization (ex. McCormick reaper) reduced farm labor needs & increased food production People moved from farms (rural areas) to cities (urban areas) looking for jobs People moved from farms (rural areas) to cities (urban areas) looking for jobs People moved

6. What inventions & innovations changed life in America? Skyscrapers – allowed people & businesses to concentrate in urban areas Skyscrapers – allowed people & businesses to concentrate in urban areas STEEL - allowed architecture to go up, not out STEEL - allowed architecture to go up, not out

7. What inventions & innovations changed life in America? Electricity – extended the factory work day past sunset Electricity – extended the factory work day past sunset Thomas Edison – inventor of the light bulb Thomas Edison – inventor of the light bulb

8. What inventions & innovations changed life in America? Telephone – allowed communication across long distances Telephone – allowed communication across long distances Alexander Graham Bell - inventor Alexander Graham Bell - inventor

9. What inventions & innovations changed life in America? Assembly lines lowered the costs of making finished goods Assembly lines lowered the costs of making finished goods Henry Ford uses to lower cost of Model-T Fords Henry Ford uses to lower cost of Model-T Fords

10. How did industrialization affect consumers? Advertising Advertising Mail order catalogs Mail order catalogs

11. Who were major industrial leaders at the turn of the century? CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER Creator of Standard Oil Company Creator of Standard Oil Company Created a monopoly by controlling 90% of US oil refineries Created a monopoly by controlling 90% of US oil refineries

12. Who were major industrial leaders at the turn of the century? CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY ANDREW CARNEGIE Steel industry giant Steel industry giant Controlled steel production from Controlled steel production from raw materials to finished steel raw materials to finished steel

13. Who were major industrial leaders at the turn of the century? CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY CORNELIUS VANDERBILT Shipping & railroads Shipping & railroads Self-made millionaire known for his cut-throat business practices Self-made millionaire known for his cut-throat business practices

14. Why were these business leaders known as “robber barons” and “Captains of Industry”? Represented 1% of the population Represented 1% of the population Lived the life of royalty Lived the life of royalty Ruthless competitors who used position to gain influence, wealth, and power Ruthless competitors who used position to gain influence, wealth, and power Controlled their industries (monopolies) Controlled their industries (monopolies) Philanthropists (givers of money) who donated millions to worthy causes Philanthropists (givers of money) who donated millions to worthy causes “Get in my way and I’ll crush you!” Andrew Carnegie

15. How did big business lead to political corruption (dishonesty in government)? Business leaders believed “bigger was better” Business leaders believed “bigger was better” Created huge corporations (trusts) by taking over smaller companies & eliminating competition Created huge corporations (trusts) by taking over smaller companies & eliminating competition

17. Why did labor unions form? Workers joined together to form labor unions using strikes & boycotts to protest low wages, long hours, unsafe working conditions Workers joined together to form labor unions using strikes & boycotts to protest low wages, long hours, unsafe working conditions

18. Why did labor unions form? American Federation of Labor (AFL) – one of the 1 st labor unions American Federation of Labor (AFL) – one of the 1 st labor unions Only skilled white male workers could join Only skilled white male workers could join But not immigrants, minorities, women But not immigrants, minorities, women Early strikes were violent & unsuccessful Early strikes were violent & unsuccessful Samuel Gompers – labor union organizer & founder of the AFL

19. What were the results of the Homestead Strike? Cause: Steel workers at Carnegie Steel, Homestead, PA went on strike due to wage cuts Cause: Steel workers at Carnegie Steel, Homestead, PA went on strike due to wage cuts Result: 1) “War” between striking workers, company guards, and government troops Result: 1) “War” between striking workers, company guards, and government troops 2) workers lost, were fired, wages cut

20. How did industrialization change America? Between the Civil War and WWI, the U. S. was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation.

21. Label each head and create thought bubbles explaining each figure’s answer to this question: “Has industrialization & the growth of cities improved life in America? Why or why not?” On the left side of your notebook, draw heads and facial expressions of FOUR– late 19 th century Americans – a factory worker, business owner, a labor union organizer, and a political machine politician. Use 5 colors!