1. Impacts of episodic pulse events in lakes under present and future climates paper - an update. Eleanor Jennings, Stuart Jones, Lauri Arvola, Peter A. Staehr, Evelyn Gaiser, Ian Jones, Kathleen Weathers, Gesa Weyhenmeyer, Charles Chiu review/case studies/conceptual model

2. Episodic pulse event (EPE) Definition A sudden and short-lived change in the magnitude of a physical, chemical or biological parameter in a lake that is distinct from previous background levels.

3. A. Episodic flood events B. Episodic mixing events C. Episodic stratification events PRIMARY DRIVERS - METEROLOGICAL

4. IMPACTS Physical Chemical Biological

5. IMPACTS Physical Chemical Biological

6. IMPACTS Physical Chemical Biological Ecological regime shift shift to more persistent, alternative state

7. SiteArea ha Max depth m Trophic status Blelham UK 1014.5Eu Slotssø Denmark 228.0Eu L. Leane Ireland 199064.0Meso-eu Yuan Yang L. Taiwan 44.5Oligo L. Annie USA 3721.0Oligo L. Pääjärvi Finland 134085.0Oligo-meso Annie Slotsso Paajarvi Yuan Yang Leane Blelham

8. Slotto, Denmark, 2006 Leane, Ireland,1997

9. Blelham Tarn, 2006 YYL, 2005

10. Tropical storm Fay, Lake Annie, 2008

11. high Resilience low low Severity high LOW MED HIGH RISK

12. Projected changes in EPEs Increase in severity Increase in frequency Increase in both severity and frequency Impact of projected climate change

13. Projected changes in EPEs Increase in severity – risk matrix shifts to the right Increase in frequency Increase in both severity and frequency Impact of projected climate change

14. Projected changes in EPEs Increase in severity – risk matrix shifts to the right Increase in frequency – matrix contracts upwards Increase in both severity and frequency Impact of projected climate change

15. Projected changes in EPEs Increase in severity – risk matrix shifts to the right Increase in frequency – matrix contracts upwards Increase in both severity and frequency – contracts + shifts to right Impact of projected climate change

16. (IPCC Synthesis report, 2001) CO 2 emissions peak CO 2 stabilisation Temperature stabilisation Today 1000 yrs