1. NSF EARS IGERT & GLEON Craig Williamson, Miami University For many others at Kent State & Miami Universities, Ohio, USA

2. NSF IGERT Program National Science Foundation (USA) Integrated Graduate Education and Research Training Provide collaborative research that transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries… …to contribute to the development of a diverse, globally-engaged science and engineering workforce.

3. EARS IGERT Environmental Aquatic Resource Sensing Kent State University – Miami University, Ohio, USA Inclusive, immersive student learning in environmental sensing, where PhD students develop and apply advanced sensors to understand processes in inland waters. Website: http://bioweb.biology.kent.edu/igert/Home.html

4. EARS IGERT Some Kent State Core Faculty: Laura Leff (PI/PD) - Microbial ecology Darren Bade – Lake ecosystems Rick Shroath – Business Qi-Huo Wei – Liquid crystals Chris Woolverton – Microbial biosensors Bob Twieg – Synthetic organic chemistry … and many others

5. EARS IGERT Miami University Core Faculty: Dave Berg – Aquatic ecology, conservation Annette Bollman - Microbiology Hailiang Dong - Geomicrobiology Rachael Morgan-Kiss – Microbiology Jim Oris - Ecotoxicology Gil Pacey - IDCAST (commercial sensors) Bill Renwick - Hydrology, sedimentation Mike Vanni - Aquatic community ecology Craig Williamson – Global change limnology

6. Leland Clark - Father of Biosensors - Antioch College, Yellow Springs, OH - 1941 B.S. Chemistry graduate - Professor 1944 – 1958 - Developed the first biosensor - detect glucose in the blood - 1956 Invented Clark Oxygen Electrode - To measure oxygen in blood (for glucose) - Yellow Springs Instruments, Inc. Source: Heineman & Jensen 2006. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21:1403.

7. EARS IGERT Students (Fellows) (24 Fellows over 5 years) Miami University: Susanna Scott – Abiotic influences on ecosystem function Kevin Rose – Limnology, carbon cycling, materials science and engineering Jeremy Mack – Ecosystem and organism response to global climate change Kent State University David Davis – Liquid crystals Sarah Hicks – Liquid crystals Jael Egerton – Microbially mediated nitrogen cycling

8. Joint Fellow Project

9. Joint Fellow Project & GLEON Example projects: Develop and test a new sensor. Compare different types of oxygen sensors (or other types of sensors) and write a white paper to post on GLEON website. Write an outreach/opinion paper for publication on need for new sensors in aquatic resource studies. Write a lesson plan for K-12 and present it at schools.

10. EARS Lake Metabolism Workshop Lacawac Sanctuary, NE PA

11. What does water transparency tell us about lake metabolism? Causes and Consequences

12. UV Transparency: 14 year trends July data: Lake Giles, N.E. Pennsylvania, USA

13. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) is a Major Regulator of UV Transparency Williamson et al. 1996 L&O 41:1024.

14. 100% Increase in DOC in 16 Year Period: Hudson River, NY, USA Findlay et al. 2005. FEE 3: 133

15. DOC: 91% increase since 1988 in UK Lakes Evans et al. 2006 Global Change Biology 12:2044

16. How did oxygen change since 1990?

17. Lake Oesa Canadian Rockies Changes in UV transparency 1% depth (July 28 th both years): 2008 -> 2009 12 m -> 21 m

18. Ohio Reservoirs: Acton Lake

19. Diel Oxygen Patterns in Ohio Reservoirs over 2 days Mike Vanni & Susanna Scott, Miami University

20. Fluorescence Index Sensor Kevin Rose (EARS IGERT) 370 nm excitation filter Sample Light detectors 450/500 nm emission filters Development considerations: - Light source - Filters - Light detectors - electronics control config. - software and interface

21. Lake Rotorua, NZ The buoys of GLEON : sensor platforms from around the world Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire (USA) Yang Yuan Lake, Taiwan Lake Taihu, China Lake Erken, Sweden Trout Lake, Wisconsin (USA) Lake Mendota, (WI, USA) Lake Paajarvi, Finland