1. INNOVATION AND ENGINEERING DESIGN UNIT III DESIGN & SKETCHING This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0402616. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Science Foundation (NSF).

2. DESIGN Design is a purposeful activity that results in a technological solution to a problem.

3. SKETCHING Sketching is a simple method of presenting ideas by putting them onto paper (or other media). Pencil, paper, eraser Everyone can do it! Methods that can be duplicated/practiced easily! Can be done anywhere!

4. DRAFTING Systematic method of modeling ideas onto paper Universal system = Universal language of industry Standards are in place  Line weight  “Alphabet of lines”  Others

5. LINE WEIGHT Communicate meaning/emphasis Point system  72 points = one inch  Small units  Used in computer fonts  1/16, 1//8, etc. do not work

6. ALPHABET OF LINES Provide specific meaning  Border line (name gives definition )  Object line (name gives definition )  Center line (name gives definition )  Others

7. DIMENSIONING Provide pertinent information Must be very accurate/neat! Can be very laborious/time consuming Many rules to guide drafter Computers have simplified See handout on rules/examples

8. LETTERING Communicate designers intent Make or break the design Must be neat and organized Very time consuming Individual styles with rules Computer has simplified/sped up the process Example in handout

9. DRAWING TYPES Orthographic projection Oblique projection Isometric projection Perspective projection Other terms used  Axonometric  Trimetric

10. ORTHOGRAPHIC Object viewed from one line of sight Two dimensional Six possible views  View as if in a glass box  Top, bottom, front, back, R.side, L.side.  Three views used (most often) Front, top, R.side

11. ORTHOGRAPHIC Layout used Each share two common dimensions F=w,h T=w,d RS=d,h F T S W H D R S

12. OBLIQUE Simplest pictorial Pictorial (as the eye sees it) Optical illusion Shows three dimensions Front view Depth shown with 45 angle Handout example

13. OBLIQUE D W H

14. ISOMETRIC More realistic depth Pictorial (as the eye sees it) Optical illusion Shows three dimensions Uses two angles 30 degrees All alike dimensions are parallel Most commonly used

15. ISOMETRIC Three base lines D W H FRONT TOP R.S.

16. BLOCKING IN Start all objects as a rectangle or a square Determine dimensions Add special features/parts Refine/darken Handout example

17. COMPUTER Computer Assisted Design CAD- computer assisted design or computer assisted drafting CADD-computer assisted design and drafting ProDesktop Software  FREE to the student!

18. COMPUTER Frees up time to be creative Avoids repetitive tasks Increases productivity Can be integrated with other systems easily  Laser  Milling  Unlimited other possibilities

19. LET’S DO SOME Designing Sketching CAD  ProDesktop