1. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 1650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 1 Project X Cryomodules Tom Peterson and Yuriy Orlov with material from our SRF cavity and cryomodule design team 21 February 2011

2. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 2650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 2 Project X Reference Design Cryomodules for CW linac

3. Page 3 SRF Linac Technology Map  =0.11  =0.22  =0.4  =0.61  =0.9 325 MHz 2.5-160 MeV  =1.0 1.3 GHz 3-8 GeV 650 MHz 0.16-3 GeV SectionFreqEnergy (MeV)Cav/mag/CMType SSR0 (  G =0.11) 3252.5-1018 /18/1SSR, solenoid SSR1 (  G =0.22) 32510-4220/20/ 2SSR, solenoid SSR2 (  G =0.4) 32542-16040/20/4SSR, solenoid LB 650 (  G =0.61) 650160-46036 /24/65-cell elliptical, doublet HB 650 (  G =0.9) 650460-3000160/40/205-cell elliptical, doublet ILC 1.3 (  G =1.0) 13003000-8000224 /28 /289-cell elliptical, quad CW Pulsed InPAC 2011 – J. Kerby Page 3

4. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 4650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 4 Design team 650 MHz cryomodules –Camille Ginsburg, Yuriy Orlov, and Prashant Khare are leading and organizing the effort with me Cavities, input couplers, magnets, magnet current leads, tuners, instrumentation, 325 MHz cryomodules, microphonics, etc. –Many other people within Fermilab and within the Project X collaboration

5. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 5650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 5 Approach CW cryomodules with as much as 25 W per cavity at 2 K and tight constraints on cavity frequency present some different problems from TESLA/ILC cryomodules –Over 200 W at 2 K per cryomodule as opposed to about 12 W at 2 K per cryomodule Let’s look at the requirements, consider what other labs have already done, and select best features for our own design

6. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 6650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 6 Our plan Analyses, modeling, and reviews of various concepts based on existing designs Following visits to HZB, DESY, and TTC meeting (Feb 21 - Mar 3), down-select a more specific design approach –Goal is to have a specific 650 MHz cryomodule design proposal for discussion before the Project X Collaboration meeting (April 11) –Also complete (draft) specifications and fundamental CM parameter lists in this timeframe

7. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 7650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 7 General arrangements under consideration Segmentation level and cavity support structure –String: BESSY/HZB (and Cornell ERL) liquid managed separately for each CM, 2-phase pipe closed at each end, but otherwise a string, TESLA style piping and supports –Stand-alone: three options for configuration at the individual cryomodule level Completely close a TESLA style CM at each end Eliminate 300 mm pipe -- space frame support Eliminate 300 mm pipe -- support posts and frame (325 MHz concept from Tom Nicol) Helium vessel –Closed, TESLA-style, 2-phase pipe connected to helium vessel –Open, Jlab/SNS style, 2-phase flow through helium vessel

8. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 8650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 8 Cryomodule style Very high heat flux (200 W per CM) and relatively short linac (not large quantity production nor several km long strings) ==> –Need separated liquid management –Prefer small heat exchangers, distributed with cryomodules –Prefer stand-alone cryomodules, warm magnets and instrumentation between cryomodules like at SNS Stand-alone CM ==> –“300 mm” pipe is unnecessary for helium flow Not need 300 mm pipe for helium flow ==> –Empty 300 mm pipe as support ‘backbone” or –Different support structure (space frame or posts)

9. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 9650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 9 Helium vessel style Helium vessel style (open vs. closed) is independent of support style (hung from 300 mm pipe or not) High heat loads and tight pressure stability ==> –Large liquid-vapor surface area for liquid-vapor equilibrium –Acts as thermal/pressure buffer with heat and pressure changes Linac is short enough that total helium inventory not an issue ==> –Open helium vessel is feasible For the stand-alone CW cryomodule, a closed TESLA- type helium vessel may be favored by –Tuner design –Input coupler design –And allowed by reduced pressure sensitivity

10. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 10650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 10 SNS vs TTF cryomodule TTF: vacuum vessel string. End boxes and bellows would become part of vacuum/pressure closure SNS (like CEBAF): self-contained vacuum vessel “stand-alone” style

11. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 11650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 11 Cryomodule requirements -- major components Eight (8) dressed RF cavities Eight RF power input couplers One intermediate temperature thermal shield Cryogenic valves –2.0 K liquid level control valve –Cool-down/warm-up valve –5 K thermal intercept flow control valve Pipe and cavity support structure Instrumentation -- RF, pressure, temperature, etc. Heat exchanger for 4.5 K to 2.2 K precooling of the liquid supply flow Bayonet connections for helium supply and return

12. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 12650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 12 Cryomodule requirements -- major interfaces Bayonet connections for helium supply and return Vacuum vessel support structure Beam tube connections at the cryomodule ends RF waveguide to input couplers Instrumentation connectors on the vacuum shell Alignment fiducials on the vacuum shell with reference to cavity positions.

13. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 13650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 13 Cryomodule requirements -- slot length 650 MHz cavities at 2 K Warm magnets and instrumentation 11.3 meters

14. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 14650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 14 Cryomodule requirements -- thermal Cavities at nominally 2 K –1.8 K to 2.1 K, to be determined One radiative thermal shield at nominally 70 K –35 K to 80 K to be determined Thermal intercepts at nominally 5 K and 70 K

15. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 15650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 15 Cryomodule requirements -- vessel and piping pressures

16. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 16650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 16 Design considerations Cooling arrangement for integration into cryo system Pipe sizes for steady-state and emergency venting Pressure stability factors –Liquid volume, vapor volume, liquid-vapor surface area as buffers for pressure change Evaporation or condensation rates with pressure change Updated heat load estimates Options for handling 4.5 K (or perhaps 5 K - 8 K) thermal intercept flow Alignment and support stability Thermal contraction and fixed points with closed ends Etc.

17. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 17650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 1717 Cryomodule Pipe Sizing Criteria Heat transport from cavity to 2-phase pipe –1 Watt/sq.cm. is a conservative rule for a vertical pipe (less heat flux with horizontal lengths) Two phase pipe size –5 meters/sec vapor “speed limit” over liquid –Not smaller than nozzle from helium vessel Gas return pipe (also serves as the support pipe in TESLA-style CM) –Pressure drop < 10% of total pressure in normal operation –Support structure considerations Loss of vacuum venting P < cold MAWP at cavity –Path includes nozzle from helium vessel, 2-phase pipe, may include gas return pipe, and any external vent lines

18. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 18650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 18

19. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 19650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 19 Concept -- TESLA style with open pipe as support Use an open 300 mm dia pipe as the support structure backbone –Open to insulating vacuum –Direct connection from 2-phase pipe to vapor return line via heat exchanger –Direct connection from 2-phase pipe to vent line –2-phase pipe sized large for venting from one end Advantages –300 mm pipe open for handling with present tooling –No end forces on 300 mm pipe or connections to it

20. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 20650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 20 Stand-alone cryomodule schematic

21. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 21650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 21 End Plate Beam 650 MHz Cryomodule (Tesla Style-Stand Alone) Power MC (8) Vacuum vessel Cold mass supports (2+1)

22. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 22650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 22 Fix. supportSld. support 300mm pipe (backbone) 650 MHz cavity Gate valve End plate 650 MHz layout

23. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 23650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 23 -48” vacuum vessel 300 mm pipe -80K shield, pipes: (Nom: 35mm-ID) -Warm up-cool down pipe (nom 25mm ID) -4K return pipe (nom 25mm ID) -650 MC -Thermal intercept to MC 80k & 4K -2-Phase pipe (161mm-ID) -80K Forward pipe -4K Forward pipe (?) -Thermal intercept 2-phase pipe to 300mm pipe (?) X-Y section

24. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 24650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 24 Heat exchanger (Location on the middle of CM650??) 300mm pipe Cryo-feed snout with cryogenic connections (Location on the middle of CM650??) Gate Valve 650 MHz cryomodule. End plate not shown. Access to bayonet connections Access to HX and U-turn connections

25. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 25650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 25 Two He reservoirs with level sensor Cavity needle supports VAT needle supports (?) Cavity string & 300mm pipe upstream side Heat exchanger Vent line with check valve 2-phase pipe connection to HX

26. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 26 Cavity string & 300mm pipe downstream side 2-phase pipe Thermal compensator Blank Flange support

27. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 27650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 27 Dressed cavity 650 MHz. (proposal) with MC cold-part Ti Helium vessel OD- 450.0 mm Ti 2-Phase pipe ID-161.5 mm Ti 2-Phase chimney ID-95.5 mm

28. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 28650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 28 Other concepts Single Spoke Resonator cryostat concept using support posts under the cavities and magnets –We may adapt that design to a 650 MHz CM SNS/Jlab 12 GeV upgrade style “space frame” supports –Well-developed design, works well BESSY/HZB CW cryomodule string rather than stand- alone cryomodules –Eliminate external transfer line (?) Cornell’s ERL cryomodule has some interesting features to consider although somewhat different issues

29. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 29650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 29 Conclusions Many very good ideas and much work have already gone into cryomodule design Systems are different with differing requirements –Generally means adapting but not copying design concepts We greatly appreciate the exchange of ideas and information which have been and will continue to be an important part of our work

30. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 30 Backup slides

31. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 31650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 31 Cryo Schematic -- flow through 300 mm pipe

32. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 32650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 32 Empty pipe for support only or no 300 mm pipe

33. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 33650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 33 SSR1 CM concept

34. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 34650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 34 Vacuum vessel Cold mass 650 MHz Cavity 2 Support posts for each cavity: Z-fix & Z-free  Cavity MC port -stabile Heat Exchanger pipe 2- phase He pipe (Ti) 650 MHz Cryomodule layout (follwing SSR concept)

35. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 35650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 35 Control valves Bayonet connection Heat exchanger Vent line with check valve 650 MHz Cryomodule (following SSR concept) Beam pipe: at the center of CM650

36. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 36650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 36 Heat exchanger Cryo feed snout 80K shielding Cold mass tray Tray supports 650 MHz Cryomodule section. (SSR-style concept) Vacuum vessel pipe-48”OD XFEL style cavity (SNS style)

37. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 37650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 37 Jlab space frame

38. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 38650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 38 Jlab space frame

39. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 39650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 39 Jlab space frame

40. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 40650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 40 Separate liquid management in each cryomodule but no external transfer line

41. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 41650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 41 ERL injector cryomodule

42. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 42650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 42 ERL cryomodule features Figure 1 from CRYOGENIC HEAT LOAD OF THE CORNELL ERL MAIN LINAC CRYOMODULE, by E. Chojnacki, E. Smith, R. Ehrlich, V. Veshcherevich and S. Chapman, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A. Published in Proceedings of SRF2009, Berlin, Germany

43. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 43650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 43 ERL cryomodule features TESLA-style support structure -- dressed cavities hang from gas return pipe (GRP), but –Titanium GRP –No invar rod, no rollers –6 cavities per CM, 9.8 m total CM length –HOM absorbers at 40 - 100 K between cavities –GRP split with bellows at center, 4 support posts –Helium vessels pinned to GRP –Some flexibility in the input coupler –De-magnetized carbon-steel shell for magnetic shielding (this is like TTF) –2-phase pipe closed at each CM end, JT valve on each CM (like BESSY design) –String rolls into vacuum vessel on rails

44. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 44650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 44 RRCAT contributions RRCAT (Indore) is collaborating with Fermilab on 650 MHz cryomodule designs –Present focus is TESLA-style

45. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 45650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 45

46. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 46650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 46 SCRF Cavity supported on HGR pipe Information required on  Magnet package  Tuner details  Power Coupler Glimpses of 3-D Model (contd…)  The model incorporates a modified Cavity support system.  2K helium supply line includes a bellow in vertical configuration

47. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 47650 MHz Cryomodule Design, 21 Feb 2011Page 47 Thermal Shield with dressed Cavity  80K- Thermal shield  5K-Thermal shield is partial (Upper Part only).  Thermal shield 80K shield.  Thermal shield 5K shield is partial. Glimpses of 3-D Model (contd…)