1. 24.3: Holocaust Objective: Understand the fate of Jews and other “enemies” under the Third Reich

2. 9,508,340 Jews in Europe before WWII 5,962,129 killed by Nazis = 63% of population Jews are half of 11 million Holocaust victims

3. HOLOCAUST 1933 – Nazis open concentration camps 11/9/1938 – Kristallnacht 10/1939 – euthanasia of “undesirables” in hospitals 3/1941 – SS Einsatzgruppen (murder squads) formed http://frank.mtsu.edu/~baustin/einsatz.html 7/1941- Hitler urges “final solution” to “Jewish Question”    GENOCIDE 12/1941 – gassing of Jews, Gypsies, Catholics begins

4. http://www.2goglobal.com/2GoChronicals/2%20Go%20Photos/Europe/Poland/auschwitz_ii.htm

5. http://timewitnesses.org/english/Kristall.html

6. Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at the Buchenwald concentration camp. November 1938. Lorenz C. Schmuhl Papers, USHMM Archives

7. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/genocide/racial_state_01.shtml

8. May 13, 1939 In Hamburg, 1,000 Jewish refugees board the SS St. Louis, a German ocean liner, for trip to Cuba, where they hope to find temporary refuge. Cuba and Miami turn them away. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/holocaust/timeline.html

9. What were the reasons the US gave for turning away Jewish refugees? Do you think that the US was justified in not allowing more Jewish immigrants to immigrate?

10. Jewish mother and son being rounded up by Nazis Hitler ordered the "Final Solution"--the extermination of Europe's Jews--soon after the United States entered the war. In this picture, German troops arrest residents of the Warsaw ghetto for deportation to concentration camps. Few would survive the camps where over six million Jews died. (YIVO Institute for Jewish Research) Jewish mother and son being rounded up by Nazis Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

11. What do you notice about the locations of death camps and concentration camps? How do you explain the difference?

12. Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp, April 1945 When the British liberated the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp near Hanover, Germany, in April of 1945, they found this mass grave. It held the remains of thousands of Holocaust victims who had been starved, gassed, and machine-gunned by their Nazi jailers. This photograph and many others provide irrefutable proof of the Holocaust's savagery. (Imperial War Museum) Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp, April 1945 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

13. The Holocaust CAUSESEFFECTS

14. What lessons should we learn from the Holocaust? Could it ever happen again?

15. SOVIET WAR CRIMES: KATYN MASSACRE "In favor," wrote Soviet leader Josef Stalin in thick blue pencil on secret police chief Lavrenti Beria's March 5, 1940, note condemning to execution without trial 24,700 Polish officers, gendarmes, officials and landlords captured by the Red Army in September 1939, when Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union divided Poland. The secret document was also signed by other members of the Communist Party Central Committe's Politburo. In April and May 1940, at different locations across the western flank of the Soviet Union, 21,857 Poles were executed and buried at secret locations in the woods. SOURCE: Chicago Tribune, 5/20/9