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History of Forensic Science. Objectives The student will be able to: Recognize the major contributors to the development of forensic science. Illustrate.

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Presentation on theme: "History of Forensic Science. Objectives The student will be able to: Recognize the major contributors to the development of forensic science. Illustrate."— Presentation transcript:

1 History of Forensic Science

2 Objectives The student will be able to: Recognize the major contributors to the development of forensic science. Illustrate the history of forensic science. 2UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

3 Forensic Science the application of science to the court of law Criminalistics the application of scientific techniques in collecting and analyzing physical evidence 3UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

4 Before 17 th century Confrontation by the accuser Confession under tortureStrength to resist the pain GUILTY INNOCENT 1 4UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

5 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1775 Swedish Chemist Devised the test for detecting the poison arsenic in corpses 2 5UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

6 Alphonse Bertillon French Anthropologist Introduced the Bertillon System (aka Anthropometry) in 1879 Used various measurements of the body to identify people by their physical appearance Replaced by Fingerprinting after the Will West case in 1903 3 6UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

7 Valentin Ross German Chemist 1806 Discovered a more precise method for detecting small amounts of Arsenic Mathieu Orfilla Spain 1814 Father of Forensic Toxicology Published the first scientific treatise on the detection of poisons 4 7UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

8 1828 – The Invention of the Polarized Light Microscope 1839 – First microscopic detection of sperm 6 5 8UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

9 James Marsh Scottish Chemist 1839 The first to testify in a criminal trial on the detection of Arsenic in a victim’s body 7 9UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

10 1863 – The first presumptive test for blood 8 10 9 UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved. 1850’s – 1860’s – Development in photography and Improved records in forensic science

11 Hans Gross Austrian prosecutor and judge 1893 Published Criminal Investigation Discussed the benefits of science (microscopy, chemistry, physics, zoology, botany, geology and fingerprinting) in criminal investigations 10 11UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

12 Karl Landsteiner 1901 Discovered ABO Blood typing 11 Albert Osborn 1910 Published Questioned Documents 12 UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

13 1877-1966 French doctor/criminologist Locard’s Exchange Principle Opened the very first crime laboratory in France Edmond Locard 13UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved. 13

14 Walter McCrone 1916-2002 American chemist Microscopy expert Examined The Shroud of Turin and the Vinland map 14UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved. 14

15 History of Crime Labs in the United States 1923 – Los Angels PD Crime Lab (the 1 st crime lab in US) 1930’s – University of CA at Berkeley Dept. of Criminalistics headed by Paul Kirk 1932 – FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover opens the FBI Laboratory 1981 – FBI opens Forensic Science Research and Training Center 15UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

16 Federal Crime Laboratories FBI Laboratory (Quantico, VA) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Laboratories Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) Laboratories U.S. Army Crime Investigation Laboratory (Fort Gillem, GA) U.S. Postal Inspection Service Laboratories 16UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

17 Crime Labs Abroad The British Home Office –Metropolitan Police Laboratory (London) –5 other regional labs Canada –Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Laboratories –Centre of Forensic Sciences (Toronto) –The Institute of Legal Medicine and Police Science (Montreal) 17UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

18 Resources Saferstein, Richard. Forensic Science: An Introduction. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. Bertino, Anthony J. Forensic Science: Fundamentals and Investigations. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009. http://www.officer.com/publication/article.jsp?pubId=1&id=25192 18UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

19 Image Sources 1)http://theopinionation.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/10-medieval-torture- devices8.jpghttp://theopinionation.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/10-medieval-torture- devices8.jpg 2)http://www.nndb.com/people/492/000095207/carl-wilhlem-scheele-1-sized.jpghttp://www.nndb.com/people/492/000095207/carl-wilhlem-scheele-1-sized.jpg 3)http://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/alphonse-bertillon.htmlhttp://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/alphonse-bertillon.html 4)http://www.fact-archive.com/encyclopedia/upload/thumb/a/a9/250px- Mathieu_Joseph_Bonaventure_Orfila.jpghttp://www.fact-archive.com/encyclopedia/upload/thumb/a/a9/250px- Mathieu_Joseph_Bonaventure_Orfila.jpg 5)http://img.directindustry.com/images_di/photo-g/polarization-microscope-304081.jpghttp://img.directindustry.com/images_di/photo-g/polarization-microscope-304081.jpg 6)http://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/pictures/sperm.jpghttp://www.historyforkids.org/scienceforkids/biology/cells/pictures/sperm.jpg 7)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marsh_James.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marsh_James.jpg 8)http://blog.bloodonthemotorway.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Blood_Spatter.jpghttp://blog.bloodonthemotorway.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Blood_Spatter.jpg 9)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marsh_James.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marsh_James.jpg 10)http://www.gusto-graeser.info/Monteverita/Personen/GrossOtto/Hans_Gross.jpghttp://www.gusto-graeser.info/Monteverita/Personen/GrossOtto/Hans_Gross.jpg 11)http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/75/68975-050-00CBB315.jpghttp://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/75/68975-050-00CBB315.jpg 12)http://www.osbornandson.com/backgnd.htmlhttp://www.osbornandson.com/backgnd.html 13)http://www.bestforensicscienceschools.com/2009/top-10-most-famous-forensic- experts-in-history/http://www.bestforensicscienceschools.com/2009/top-10-most-famous-forensic- experts-in-history/ 14)http://www.mcri.org/home/section/2-8/dr.-walter-c.-mccronehttp://www.mcri.org/home/section/2-8/dr.-walter-c.-mccrone 19UNT in partnership with TEA, Copyright ©. All rights reserved.

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