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The Enlightenment.

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Presentation on theme: "The Enlightenment."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Enlightenment

2 The Restoration Monarchy & Anglican Church restored in 1660 with Charles II Increasingly, monarchs had to share authority with Parliament 1689: English Bill of Rights limited monarchy further Period of extravagance and refinement for the nobility Coronation Procession of Charles II to Westminster from the Tower of London (1661) by Dirck Stoop.

3 Age of Reason Late 17th-late 18th century
Increasing reliance on empiricism and scientific reasoning, not religion, to understand the world Period of scientific advancement, intellectual growth, and improved living conditions Shared ideas in salons and coffeehouses “The Alchemist in Search of the Philosopher’s Stone” (1771) by Joseph Wright

4 Scientific Revolution
Developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed views of society and nature Asking “how,” not “why,” to explain natural phenomena Famous scientists: Isaac Newton Francis Bacon Table of astronomy from the 1728 Cyclopaedia

5 Philosophers John Locke: government compromise, tabula rasa
Thomas Hobbes: humans inherently evil, government helps control them Jean-Jacques Rousseau: humans born good, corrupted by society Rene Descartes: “I think, therefore I am.” David Hume: skepticism Immanuel Kant: reasoning invalid because of subjective experience

6 Other Innovators Music: Vivaldi, Bach, Handel, Mozart, Beethoven
Women’s rights: Olympe de Gouges, Mary Wollstonecraft Peace: John Comenius, Hugo Grotius Economics: Adam Smith

7 Enlightenment Literature
Middle class had more money and free time to spend on reading Shift towards prose and realistic experiences Rise of journalism Neoclassic literature aimed at elite; often used sarcasm and satire “Franklin in London” by David Martin, 1767

8 Literature Famous writers of the Enlightenment: Jonathan Swift
Alexander Pope Voltaire Daniel Defoe Charlotte Smith Robert Burns Samuel Johnson (1st dictionary) Top: “Weimar’s Courtyard of the Muses” by Theobald von Oer Bottom: “Death of Socrates” by Jacques Louis David, 1787

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