1. NABOS: observational program in the high Arctic Vladimir Ivanov IARC UAF, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA AARI, St. Petersburg, Russia Summer school onboard R/V “Akademik Fedorov”, August – September, 2013

2. What is NABOS? NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) is a large-scale long-term project launched in 2002 in conjunction with CABOS (Canadian Basin Observational System) This project was initiated by the International Arctic Research Center (IARC) University of Alaska and AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia) with wide participation of the US and overseas scientists

3. N ansen and A mundsen B asin O bservational S ystem Overall goal: Overall goal: To get continuous time series of water properties in key locations along the Atlantic Water pathways in the Arctic Ocean. Approach: Approach: To use autonomous anchored moorings, operating for one year at a time, with replacement every year. To supplement mooring records with CTD casts along the mooring lines.Originators: International Arctic Research USA Centre, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA Arctic and Antarctic Research Russia Institute, St.Petersburg, Russia VESSEL Icebreaker Kapitan Dranitsyn International collaboration: NABOS conceptual scheme 2002-2009  Opportunity to carry out field studies in the hard-to-access regions of the World Ocean;  Obtain new unique data on Arctic environment;  Check new instruments and methods;  Collect new data shedding light on global climate variability.

4. GOAL Provide a quantitative, observationally based assessment of circulation, water mass transformations, and their temporal variability along the principal pathways transporting water from the Nordic Seas into the central Arctic Basin

5. To get continuous time series of water properties in specific locations along the Eurasian continental slope. To use autonomous anchored moorings, operating for one year at a time, with replacement every year. To supplement mooring records with CTD casts APPROACH Initial plan 2001200220032004200520062007

6. (A) Moorings (B) CTD Transects through the moorings (C) Additional CTD sections (proposed by partners) Program components

7. Icebreaker “Kapitan Dranitsyn” Lebus winch Capstan Ship

8. EQUIPMENT I. Continuous measurements II. Measurements at discrete depths

9. Cruise track: October 1-30, 2008

10. Light and Meteorological conditions in October 2008 cruise

11. Abrupt warming (about 0.8 0 C) in the Atlantic Water layer has been captured in the Laptev Sea in February 2004 (Polyakov et al., 2005) Research highlights MMP temperature record

12. Distinct seasonal cycle (~1 0 C amplitude) was revealed deep in the water column under the pack ice (Ivanov et al., 2009) Research highlights Two-year record by SBE-37 at 217 m

13. Research highlights Temporary ‘disappearance’ (for about 1 month) of Atlantic Water layer at the East-Siberian Sea slope Temperature, C

14. Research highlights Continuous warming in the Atlantic Water layer (Polyakov et al., 2007)

15. NABOS observational network has become an important element of Arctic Observing System by providing continuous information about changes in the Arctic Ocean NABOS moorings

16. NABOS, IARC UAF UK Southampton Oceanographic Center International collaboration University of Alaska, Fairbanks University of Miami APL, University of Washington

17. Priorities Continue mooring-based and CTD observations at selected locations Carry out scientific tasks proposed by partners Changes  Different ship: “Akademik Fedorov”, AARI  Hosting Summer school aboard (about 20 students from Russia, USA and Europe)  Increased variety of modern measurement devices Planning 2013 field season

18. NABOS cruise 2008 schematics

19. Anomalously high heat storage in the upper ocean slows down ice growth making the next year ice thinner than normal Useful experience from 2007 NABOS cruise NABOS moorings Mean summer ice edge

20. SUMMARY During 8 years of NABOS/CABOS operation the program have accumulated a great deal of experience deploying and recovering deep-sea oceanographic moorings in the harsh Arctic conditions Obtained scientific results proved the efficiency of chosen observational strategy, based on a combination of autonomous anchored moorings and adjoining CTD transects The project has won wide international recognition, which extends through participation of scientists/technicians/scholars/reporters from various countries in the project activities Established observational network has become an important element of the IPY-2007-2009 Arctic Observing System NABOS is open for any form of coordination/collaboration with other observational programs aimed on cost-effective and scientifically justified field studies in the Arctic Ocean

21. Mooring positions Location of moorings along 126 E NABOS - 2013