1. Science 1206 Mr. S. Whalen

2. Ecology -Ecology The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. -Ecology The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment..*how organism affect their environment and how the environment affects the organism.*.*how organism affect their environment and how the environment affects the organism.*.Ecology involves observations and experiments to test hypothetical explanations of ecological phenomena. Hi storically, ecology has been a descriptive or observational science, and is relatively young as an experimental science..Ecology involves observations and experiments to test hypothetical explanations of ecological phenomena. Hi storically, ecology has been a descriptive or observational science, and is relatively young as an experimental science.

3. Ecosystem An Ecosystem is a community of organisms and the physical environment in which they live. An Ecosystem is a community of organisms and the physical environment in which they live. When an ecologist studies the organisms living in a forest which includes a study of the physical environment it lives, then the ecologist is studying an ecosystem. When an ecologist studies the organisms living in a forest which includes a study of the physical environment it lives, then the ecologist is studying an ecosystem.

4. Sustaining Ecosystems Our ancestors stood on the face of this earth with the belief that earth was the center of the universe and would provide all needs for all eternity. Our ancestors stood on the face of this earth with the belief that earth was the center of the universe and would provide all needs for all eternity. The way that humans view the world is known as a Paradigm. The way that humans view the world is known as a Paradigm. Paradigm - the values, beliefs and knowledge an individual possesses to form a decision or evaluation. Paradigm - the values, beliefs and knowledge an individual possesses to form a decision or evaluation. After much exploitation of the earth’s resources has modern society begun to change their view of earth? After much exploitation of the earth’s resources has modern society begun to change their view of earth? Changes in a Paradigm are known as a Paradigm Shift Changes in a Paradigm are known as a Paradigm Shift

5. Sustainability We are the caretakers of this planet and are responsible to ensure its’ sustainability. We are the caretakers of this planet and are responsible to ensure its’ sustainability. Sustainability - Living in a way that will enable the earth to be used indefinitely without depleting its energy or material resources. Sustainability - Living in a way that will enable the earth to be used indefinitely without depleting its energy or material resources. Earth is, for the most part, a closed system. The materials that make up our Biosphere are not limitless as once believed. All materials are recycled, even us! Earth is, for the most part, a closed system. The materials that make up our Biosphere are not limitless as once believed. All materials are recycled, even us!

6. Changes in Paradigms about Forests If our ancestors needed a house, boat or fuel, they would cut down trees as needed without giving it any thought. Using early tools (axe and saw) a typical forest worker could cut and stack about 2 cords (4' x4' x 8') of wood per day. If our ancestors needed a house, boat or fuel, they would cut down trees as needed without giving it any thought. Using early tools (axe and saw) a typical forest worker could cut and stack about 2 cords (4' x4' x 8') of wood per day. Today a harvester can cut and stack 2 cords of wood in minutes. Today a harvester can cut and stack 2 cords of wood in minutes. Can we sustain the forests at this rate? Can we sustain the forests at this rate? What effect does this have on the forest ecosystem? What effect does this have on the forest ecosystem?

7. Changes in Paradigms about our Fishery Cod jigging of the past involved a individual out in an open boat (dory) with a single jigger line to try their luck. Cod jigging of the past involved a individual out in an open boat (dory) with a single jigger line to try their luck. Modern technology changed to include the use of factory ships which make use of drift nets more than 5 km long. Not to mention the use of electronic equipment to detect where the fish are. With this fish were caught by the metric ton rather than the single fish. Modern technology changed to include the use of factory ships which make use of drift nets more than 5 km long. Not to mention the use of electronic equipment to detect where the fish are. With this fish were caught by the metric ton rather than the single fish. Was the change in fishing technology sustainable? Was the change in fishing technology sustainable? Can the fishery be properly managed to be sustainable? Can the fishery be properly managed to be sustainable?

8. Questions to think about? Has the old world view that the Earth and all things on it exist for the sole benefit of humans changed? Has the old world view that the Earth and all things on it exist for the sole benefit of humans changed? Has western civilization been created on the premise of the unlimited exploitation of the Earth? Has western civilization been created on the premise of the unlimited exploitation of the Earth? Has the focus shifted to environmental issues and concerns? Has the focus shifted to environmental issues and concerns? Are we now shifting toward the concept of sustainability? Are we now shifting toward the concept of sustainability?