1. Automatic Person Location Technologies & Solutions with TETRA
Dr. Emanuele Algieri
International Business Development Director
Sepura

2. Agenda Market Requirements Review of location solutions
TETRA services used for location solutions.
Future of APLS enabled products

3. Market Requirement – APLS
FCC E911 Mandate in the US
Call centres
Terminal or Network implemented solutions
metre accuracy for at least 67% of cases
- 300 metre accuracy for at least 95% of cases
EU E112 Mandate in Europe
No defined accuracy specified !
Many Blue Light Forces mandating APLS

4. Market Requirement - Public Safety
Specifically for: -
Safety of the police officer – ability to locate officer in an emergency situation and react accordingly
Resource (person or vehicle) management

5. Solution Influencing Factors
Price
Accuracy versus coverage
Requirements differ for non emergency
Varying locations - in city, in building
Ergonomics
Power consumption
Timing of solution to reach the market
Standard solution or proprietary ?
Can the solution be supported by TETRA ?
Network support and bandwidth requirements

6. Command & Control Requirements
Effective management
Requirements differ from AVLS
User needs to feel unthreatened by APLS
Updated positioning details fixed to various duties
Linking of various systems/databases to provide officer with advance warning of possible dangers

7. Resource management Know where someone is: save LIFE.
Better allocation of resources, prompt reaction to an Emergency: save TIME.
Better Control of the fleet: save MONEY.

8. Location Solutions & Performance
Low accuracy, low cost solutions
Time difference of arrival
Enhanced observed time difference
Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions
Standard GPS
Assisted GPS
Low signal strength GPS
High accuracy, high cost solutions
Differential GPS
Solutions combinations

9. Low accuracy, low cost (terminal) solutions
Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA)
very costly to implement in the network
accuracy of location is +/- 500 metres
Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD)
low cost, no base station support now claimed
accuracy of location is 200m - 2km
Both technologies
Have good indoor/urban canyon penetration, but with very poor
accuracy - a general show stopping issue for network based
solutions where location accuracy could be critical
Are bandwidth hungry therefore not suitable for TETRA

10. Network Based Solutions
Tower box
C&C
Server
GIS or
Mapping
Application
TETRA
Network
Gateway
Network Based Solutions
Current Accuracy = 200m - 2km
Future Accuracy =100m - 500m

11. Medium accuracy, medium cost solutions
Standard GPS
time to first acquisition (fix) is typically 3 mins
>30 metres accuracy, no indoors or urban canyon coverage
Assisted GPS
time to first acquisition is typically 30 secs
>30 metres accuracy, no indoor, urban canyon
Low Signal Strength GPS (high sensitivity)
time to first acquisition is typically 45 secs
<30 metres accuracy, indoors/urban canyons
Note, all the above have a location accuracy of <10 metres for 95% of cases in open space

12. Standard GPS - medium accuracy
Server
GIS or
Mapping
Application
TETRA
Network
Gateway
SDS
GPS

13. High accuracy, high cost solutions
Differential GPS
open space accuracy <10 metres off
expensive to implement with land based differential base stations required and regular network broadcasts
Network bandwidth hungry
Solution Combinations (GPS+Beacons+Odometer)
accuracy anywhere between metres
very expensive beacon network required to support this

14. GPS - High accuracy TETRA Network GIS or Mapping Application Gateway
Server
GIS or
Mapping
Application
TETRA
Network
Gateway
SDS
GPS
Odometer
Beacon
Receiver
dGPS Station

15. Data over network - Size of problem!
Typically, position report messages could carry some or all of the following:
Date, Time, Latitude, Longitude, Altitude, Speed, Heading, Fix type, Confidence Level, Status, Fix Reason, Terminal ID, User Defined Field.
Amount of message traffic generated by APLS systems is much larger than for AVLS
Requires sophisticated filtering at command &control

16. TETRA services for APLS
No specification for data amount or structure of GPS messages
TETRA services allow use of SDS messaging for transmission of GPS data:-
EN : TETRA (Voice plus Data (V+D), part 2: Air Interface, v2.3.2
SDS4 and SDS-TL delivers variable length messages to 2047 bits(255 bytes)
Working papers:-
WG101161, Efficient transfer of location information over TETRA networks, UK Home office, Oct 2001
WG103020, Study into TETRA SDS
WG303040, Transfer of location information
Sepura (and others) presenting papers to WG3
Standardisation of location report messages and associated commands

17. Future of APLS & TETRA Terminals
Technology Influenced Solutions
Continuing integration of IC’s and components enables space saving in handsets and is an opportunity to integrate location devices like GPS.
With the introduction of TETRA2 (2005+) there could be an opportunity for the network based location solutions as data rates increase over carriers.
The European Galileo system should be operational by 2008 and this is supposed to perform better than GPS.

18. Estimation of Future Location System Performance
Clear Sky
Under Foliage
Wooden
Building
Urban Canyon
Single Storey
Brick Building
Multi Storey
Concrete building
Underground?
High Quality
Receiver
High Quality Hand Held
Receiver
LSS GPS
Galileo
L1 + L2 Frequency
L1, L2 + L5 Frequency
(+ Galileo?)
GPSIII
(+ Galileo?)
Other Sensors – e.g. Gyroscope, Accelerometers ……………
…………………………

19. Sepura APLS over TETRA networks
2000- GPS connected to SEPURA SRP1000 for Ambleside Mountain Rescue Project
Remote GPS Unit demonstrated:
A remote speaker microphone with built-in GPS receiver, provides a unique solution for provision of personal location.

20. Sepura APLS update This year – SRP2000 sGPS
The worlds first fully working TETRA handportable with integrated GPS.
Low signal strength operation for urban canyon operation.
Offering tangible benefits by providing user safety and resource management

21. Conclusions Many different location technologies available
Technology for both location based and TETRA is rapidly changing
Low Signal Strength GPS currently provides the best fit for public safety requirements.
Sepura has an ongoing programme to identify solutions and bring these quickly to market

22. Int. Business Dev. Director, Sepura Ltd
MANY THANKS
Any Questions ?
Contact details:-
Dr Emanuele Algieri,
Int. Business Dev. Director, Sepura Ltd
+44 (0)