1. Tomomi Nio NASDA/EORC Tomomi Nio NASDA/EORC Precipitation Observation from Space in the Next Generation: the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) 16th APAN Meetings / Advanced Network Conference in Busan Aug. 27, 2003

2. topics Rain measurement From TRMM to GPM TRMM’s achivements GPM objectives Key of GPM Data distribution time delay – High performance network

3. Water and Our life Water Problem Water shortage Flood  Food shortage, epidemic diseases, etc.  Global warming, Climate change Many Meetings The 3 rd World Water Forum Earth Observation Summit The century of Water Typhoon ETAU (11W)

4. Rainfall Measurement Rain affect most everyone’s life & work Food production Flood, drought Rain is a key variable in Weather prediction models Climate models Air-sea interaction models, etc.  Contribution by rainfall measuring satellites ; TRMM (Tropical Rainfall measuring Mission)

5. TRMM’s Achievements Demonstration of the world’s first space-borne precipitation radar technology Scientific Achievements Accurate observation of rain distribution in tropical and sub- tropical regions Diurnal, annual, and long-term variations of precipitation 3-dimensional rain structure (PR) Accurate rain observation over ocean and land in equal quality (PR) Improvement in weather forecasting with 4-D data assimilation Sea Surface Temperature (SST) estimation under clouds Estimation of soil moisture (PR) Successful cooperation between US and Japan Efficient Data Utilization

6. Efficient data use 1. Near real-rime data distribution NASA-NASDA Back bone Network Asia Pacific Advanced Network 2. Software distribution

7. ATM Dedicated line 3Mb/s JPL GSFC NASA EBnet JMA Earth Observation Center Earth Observation Center 3Mb/s Earth Observation Research Center Earth Observation Research Center Back born Network 6Mb/s

8. GSFC APAN MAFFIN EORC USER APAN is enough performance for sharing TRMM data in real-time. TRMM data Rainfall product APAN

9. Toolkit (TISDIS toolkit) capable writing HDF or binary For expert, researcher Viewer (Orbit viewer) For expert, researcher, school Typhoon Data Base Tropical cyclones database observed by TRMM For interest Application

10. What’s Next? From TRMM to GPM

11. GPM objective Improve ongoing efforts to predict climate by providing near-global measurement of precipitation Improve the accuracy of weather and precipitation forecasts through more accurate measurement of rain rates and latent heating. Provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth's precipitation. This will provide better prediction of flood hazards and management of life-sustaining activities dependent upon fresh water

12. Core Satellite Dual Frequency Radar Multi-frequency Radiometer H2-A Launch TRMM-like Spacecraft Non-Sun Synchronous Orbit ~70° Inclination ~400 - 500 km Altitude ~4 km Horizontal Resolution 250 m Vertical Resolution Constellation Satellites Small Satellites with Microwave Radiometers Aggregate Revisit Time, 3 Hour goal Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbits ~600 km Altitude OBJECTIVE: Understand the Horizontal and Vertical Structure of Rainfall and Its Microphysical Element. Provide Training for Constellation Radiometers. OBJECTIVE: Provide Enough Sampling to Reduce Uncertainty in Short-term Rainfall Accumulations. Extend Scientific and Societal Applications. Global Precipitation Processing Center Capable of Producing Global Precip Data Products as Defined by GPM Partners Precipitation Validation Sites Global Ground Based Rain Measurement GPM Reference Concept

13. A Rolling Wave View for GPM

14. Observation by a fleet of satellites with microwave radiometer １ ２ ４ ８ Observation area with MWRs in 3 hours (1, 2, 4 and 8 satellites from top to bottom) Coverages by TRMM PR and GPM DPR in a day

15. 3-hour Global Coverage The observation area covered in 3 hours by Single satellite Two Constellation Four Constellation Eight Constellation satellites Issue; Can we use all of those data in target term; 3 hours?

16. To get 3hr Rain map… One of GPM Objectives is to provide more frequent and complete sampling of the Earth’s precipitation. Let’s gather and distribute Microwave Radiometer (MWR) L1B data! Those exchanging should be Quickly Frequently Easily

17. Key of quick distribution It is requested to reduce time delay in order to maximize the use of MWR L1B data. There are three elements below; 1.Data acquisition time delay 2.Data processing time delay 3.Data transmission time delay

18. Key of Data Exchange Issues for quick, frequent and easy data distribution; High performance network Stable Fast Easy Access Data handling Software Easy equipment Standard technology

19. NASDA status Phase : Conceptual Study NASDA will start the data processing system and EO information and management system (GPM/EOIS), which should be FLEXIBLE systems. Not decided the policies yet; – data exchange, data openness – definition of standard product International WG for data exchange : GDaWG To Discuss Content, Metadata, Network Exchange mechanisms, format handling (like based on XML) Standard information technology Proposing to algorithm developers, program makers, and so on.

20. ATM Dedicated line ISDN line 3Mb/s JPL GSFC NASA EBnet JMA Earth Observation Center Earth Observation Center 3Mb/s Earth Observation Research Center Earth Observation Research Center NGN NOAA 1Mb/s 64kb/s CNES Kiruna JAFIC MOE CLS Japan CLS Japan 64kb/s 1Mb/s Back born Network 6Mb/s APAN

21. TDRSDRTS GCOM-B1GPM COREEGPMMegha-TripiqueNPOESS ARTEMIS FY3 GPM Data Network French Ground Systems Indian Ground Systems Chinese Ground Systems ESA Ground Systems NASA Ground Systems NASDA Ground Systems Users Science & ResearchWeatherDisaster MonitoringEducationPublic & Business Users Concept of GPM Data Network GLOBAL WARLDWIDE NETWORK Application SW Toolkit, SW

22. Summary GPM important key is Data Utilization Important : data exchange High performance network – To collect high-frequent observation data immediately – To distribute them for users Easy Utilization – To standardize for handling MWRs data which have different characteristics for their data mapping and their statistics. – To use for many kind of people