1. Module 4 Unit 1 Decontamination

2. Objectives Identify appropriate level of protection
identify was objects become contaminated
identify various methods of decontamination
describe emergency decontamination
identify appropriate methods for dealing with contaminated patients

3. Objectives (cont) Demonstrate emergency decontamination
perform technical decontamination

4. Types of contamination
Direct Contamination
contact with product or vapors
Cross Contamination
contact with a contaminated object

5. Assessment of Contamination
Proper training and training
Proper protection
Physical and chemical properties
is it needed
type required

6. Decontamination methods
Dry- brushing, removing, vacuuming
does not involve liquids
usually the first step of decon process
important if chemical is water reactive
wet decontamination- flushing, dilution
commonly uses water
dilution or physical removal by flushing

7. Decontamination Methods (cont)
If material is not water soluble
Then surfactant must be used
Laundry detergent is common

8. Gross Decontamination
Occurs at edge of Hot Zone
leaves bulk of contamination in Hot Zone
Combination of methods
Hands off process
Advantages:
minimizes the risk through the rest of process
lowers possibility of exposure to vapors

9. Secondary Decontamination
Occurs after Gross, in Warm Zone
Systematic head to toe removal
Methods: usually wash followed by rinse and removal of PPE
Hands-off until wash and rinse is done
Process will vary

10. Tertiary Decontamination
Fine removal of remaining contaminants
usually performed at hospital
includes- hygiene showers, skin debridement, dialysis, surgical interventions

11. Emergency Decontamination
Rapid removal of contaminants
Advantages
Requires minimal special equipment
Performed by operational level responders
Enables rapid medical treatment
minimizes risk down stream

12. Emergency Decontamination
Equipment
hydrant gate valve
200’ 2 1/2” hose
50’ 1 1/2” hose
gated wye
1 1/2” nozzel
cribbing
salvage cover or plastic sheeting
Set up
hill
wind

13. Decontamination Steps
strip
flush
wrap

14. Technical Decontamination
A through step by step process used to remove contaminates from responders or victims in a non-urgent manor.
More through removal of contamination
Methods will vary with chemical
Technician level assistance is required

15. Mass Decontamination Rapid flush of large number of victims
Methods- single engine or multiple engine
considerations
scene control
use of hand lines and deck guns
hands-off operation

16. Summary Types of decontamination Methods of decontamination
Stages of decontamination

17. Activity 4.1

18. Module 4 Unit 2 Spill, Leak and Fire control

19. Spill Control Defensive operations to minimize damage to:
the environment
people
things

20. Spill Typing Physical state Environmental Medium Solid Liquid Air Gas
Surface
Water
Subsurface

21. Gas/Air
Control methods
ventilation
dispersion
blanketing
dissolution

22. Liquid/Surface Control methods Diking Diverting Retaining
Absorbing - sponging
Diluting

23. Liquid/Water Control methods Booming Diverting Damming Retaining
overflow/underflow
Retaining
Blanketing

24. Leak Control Limmited to remote shutoffs remote shutoffs
unless properly trained and protected for product ie:
LPG, Natural Gas, Gasoline
remote shutoffs
fixed facility’s
transportation

25. Fire Control Fire Fighting Foam advantages reduces evaporation
decreases production of vapors
prevents ignition
quick fire knock down

26. Foam Characteristics Hydrocarbon/ polar solvent/ Multi use
protein/ synthetic based
expansion ratios
re-ignition/ burnback resistance
water retention
Heat resistance
protection from freezing
compatibility with dry chemical
viscosity
can be pre-mixed
fuel shedding capability

27. Protein Foam 3-6% made from animal protein good re-ignition resistance
excellent water retention
may freeze
may add anti-freeze

28. Flouro-protein Foam 3-6% Excellent fuel shedding
long term vapor suppression
good water retention
long heat resistance
low viscosity
excellent for sub-surface injection

29. AFFF 1, 3-6% synthetic based good penetrating abilities
may use non-aerating nozzles
low viscosity
can be pre-mixed
multi-purpose

30. Application Rates May vary between manufactures
different for ignited spills
calculate and assemble needed amount before beginning application
must be faster than destruction rate

31. General Guidlines AFFF and FFFP= .10 GPM solution psf
Polar Solvents= .24 GPM solution psf
Protein and Flouro-protein= .16 GPM
Non-ignited require lower rates