1. NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION SW Asia…Tigris- Euphrates River Valley Fertile Cresent 10,000 years ago 1 st Farming Permanent settlements (food surplus) Laws, religion, language, etc. RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

2. COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION Began w/Portugal and Spain…. 1500’s – 1700’s Mercantilism Favorable Balance of Trade Global Trading Mother Country’s wealth…leads to capitalism

3. PURITAN REVOLUTION English Civil War King Charles I Oliver Cromwell 1649-1660 Kings refusal to follow Magna Carta Strength of Puritans in Parliament Execution of King Commonwealth Period (Cromwell rules) Glorious Revolution (1688)

4. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Began in Italy (Crusades…$ from trade…patrons of science) 1500’s- 1700’s Renaissance inquiry and humanism Scientific method…logic and reason Technology… tools to explore Leads to challenges of Church authority

5. FRENCH REVOLUTION “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” 1789-1815 Louis XVI Robespierre Napoleon Absolutism…human rights abuses High taxes (3 rd Estate) Enlightenment ideas of democracy End of absolutism Increased democracy (Napoleonic Codes) Increased nationalism (Latin America, Italy, Germany)

6. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Began in Britain (5 Ingredients…resources, capital, labor, infrastructure, markets…colonies help!) 1750’s – 1850’s Agricultural Rev. (machines on farms) Watt’s steam engine Factory System Urbanization Capitalism Labor Unions Marxism/communism develops

7. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION “Peace, Land, & Bread” Czar Nicholas II Lenin 1917 Hardships of WW I Romanov dynasty ends 1 st Communist nation…USSR created Lenin’s NEP Stalin’s 5 Year Plan

8. CHINESE REVOLUTION Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi 1949 Corruption of nationalist gov’t Communists win peasant support (Long March) Civil War after WW II Communist win Great Leap Forward Cultural Rev.

9. IRANIAN REVOLUTION Islamic Fundamentalism Shah Ayatollah Khomieini 1979 Opposition to western culture and modernization Corruption of Shah’s gov’t. Creation of Theocracy American hostages Nuclear weapons program