1. Enlightenment Enlightenment Ideas of the Enlightenment - - - - - - American Revolution “the revolution was not the war…the war was a result of the revolution” French Revolution

2. PARIS Heart of the Enlightenment

3. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason

4. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to Rule

5. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational

6. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational King answers only to God

7. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational King answers only to GodKings answers to Social contract

8. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational King answers only to GodKings answers to Social contract Aristocracy by birth

9. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational King answers only to GodKings answers to Social contract Aristocracy by birthSocial Justice

10. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational King answers only to GodKings answers to Social contract Aristocracy by birthSocial Justice Life, Liberty, and Property

11. Middle Ages vs. Age of Reason Middle Ages Age of Reason Divine Right to RuleDivine Right Irrational King answers only to GodKings answers to Social contract Aristocracy by birthSocial Justice Life, Liberty, and Property Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness

12. Scientific Revolution Isaac Newton used mathematics to explain Gravity

13. Scientific Revolution Natural Laws Rules of conduct discoverable by Reason

14. Scientific Revolution Natural Laws Rules of conduct discoverable by Reason Utopia Perfect society

15. Thomas Hobbes Naturally cruel Greedy and selfish Needed powerful government to maintain order Absolute Monarchy John Locke People were reasonable and Moral People had “Natural Rights” People formed Government to protect their rights Government has obligation to the people If Government becomes oppressive, overthrow them PHILOSOPHES

16. Montesquieu Separation of Powers PHILOSOPHES

17. Montesquieu Separation of Powers PHILOSOPHES Checks and Balances

18. PHILOSOPHESVoltaire Freedom of Speech

19. Rousseau Wrote “Social Contract” The balance of General Will The balance of General Will vs Individual Rights PHILOSOPHES

20. Mary Wollstonecraft Women should be educated

21. PHILOSOPHES Denis Diderot FranceEncyclopedia Put all beliefs into books of the Encyclopedia

22. PHILOSOPHES Smith Adam Smith England The Wealth of Nations Free market based on Supply – Demand No government interference

23. PHILOSOPHES Smith Adam Smith England The Wealth of Nations Free market based on Supply – Demand No government interference Laissez-faire economics Foundation of “Capitalism” in America

24. PHILOSOPHES Adam Smith England The Wealth of Nations. Governments role was to Protect SocietyProtect Society Administer Justice

25. Censorship Authors often challenged the “Old Order’ NovelsNovels –Story within the story Candide Exposes corruption, hypocrisy, and right to free speech Gulliver's Travels

26. Enlightened Despots (Kings) Frederick the Great Prussia (1740 – 1786)

27. Enlightened Despots (Kings) Frederick the Great Prussia (1740 – 1786) “First Servant of the State” Religious Tolerance “Heaven in his own Fashion”

28. Joseph II Holy Roman Empire ( 1765 – 1790 ) “The Peasant Emperor” Went out to the Pubs undercover… Extended Tolerance to Protestants and Jews Ended Censorship Sold Monasteries and Convents Ended Serfdom Enlightened Despots

29. All cancelled after he died But the seed had been planted

30. Most Europeans untouched by Middle Class or Courtly Culture

31. 1700’s Eastern Europe Serfdom spread to Russia Peasants could be bought and sold with land Late 1700’s began to spread to peasant villages began to spread to peasant villages and across the ocean to a bunch of colonist

32. Trading Cards Thomas Hobbes John Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft Denis Diderot Adam Smith Frederick the Great Joseph II