1. The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1750-1914
Ch 28
Pg 622

2. Age of Revolution
Intellectual change + commercial growth+ population pressure = shattering of placid politics, series of revolutions

3. Forces of Change
Enlightenment thinkers challenged the existing regimes.
Cultural change + commercialization  stirred the economy
Population revolution – % increases!
Effects on aristocracy
protoindustrialization

4. American Revolution

5. French Revolution

6. Conservative Settlement & the Revolutionary Legacy
Congress of Vienna (1815) – peace settlement between Bonaparte & surrounding countries
Conservatives – wanted a restoration of monarchy
Liberals focused on issues of the political structure
Radicals – accepted most liberal demands, but also wanted wider voting rights
Democracy!
Socialism!
Nationalists allied with liberalism or radicalism – urged the importance of national unity & glory

7. Greek revolution – 1820 – against the Ottoman rule
Key to eventual fall of Ottoman Empire in Balkans
Rebellion in Spain – 1820
Revolution in France – 1830
Belgian Revolution – 1830

8. Reform (not revolution)
Britain – Reform Bill of 1832, gave parliamentary vote to most middle-class men
United States – Universal male suffrage (except for slaves)
1830s – many European nations had
solid parliaments
guarantees for individual rights against arbitrary state action
religious freedom
democratic voting system

9. Consolidation of the Industrial Order
Railroads & canals linked cities  industrialization & urbanization
Majority living in cities (1st time in history)
Sanitation improved
Death rates fell below birth rates
Efficient police forces
Social control … more disciplined population

10. Industrial Life Majority living above subsistence level
Revolution in children’s health
Infant mortality rates dropped
Better hygiene
Corporations increased in western Europe
Stock-holder
Unions & strikes
Peasant protests declined
Cooperatives
Isolation of village life declines

11. Political Trends, New Nations
Political leaders worked to reduce the need for political revolution
Compromise on both sides (liberal / conservative)
Disraeli, di Cavour, von Bismarck
Force of nationalism … no longer radical
Italy united  reduce the political power of the Pope
Prussia expands, leading to outright German unity
American Civil War
Parlimentary systems, democracies (of sorts)

12. Social Questions, New Gov’t Functions
Schooling expanded
Civil service systems expanded
Schools encouraged social agendas, nationalism, superiority of one’s language/history
Wider welfare measures
Socialism, Karl Marx – vilifies capitalism, socialism seen as ideological purity
Feminism – legal & economic gains

13. Cultural transformations
Consumption! Leisure! (western)
Growth of white collar labor force
Newspapers, theatres, revues, etc.
Team sports
More impulsive side to popular outlook – display of passion!

14. Science & Arts New activity was secular Rationalism continues
Practical application of sci / tech
Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud
Romanticism in art – emphasis of artistic value, glorified the irrational; emotion & impression, not reason & generalization
Seurat (sci applied to art)

15. Western Settler Societies
Production of goods, need new markets, need raw materials
Industrialization & practical application – military tech
Rapid Western expansion through Africa, SE Asia, China, MidEast.

16. Rise of US 1823: Monroe Doctrine 1803: LA purchase
1840s “new” immigration
: Civil War – turning point
Dichotomy between N/S, values, national unity
Accelerated industrialization, RR, canals, agricultural productivity
Diplomacy not particularly influential outside of the Western Hemisphere

17. Canada, Australia, NZ Immigration filled these places
Parliamentary legislatures
Commercial economies
Modeled after West, not nec unique in culture
Canada: French / English
Economies more dependent on Europe than US’
Same basic patterns of civilization, politics, culture, leisure.

18. WW1: war of ism’s Nationalism, Militarism, Imperialism
Entangling Alliances
Diplomatic tensions
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austial-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente: Britain, Russia, France
Balkan nationalism