1. Chapter Outline Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present I. The Iberian Colonies: 1650-1789 II. The West Indies III. Breaking Away: The U.S. IV. Haiti: The First Successful Slave Revolution V. The Latin American Revolutions

2. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. I. The Iberian Colonies: 1650-1789 A. The Spanish Empire Administration system of forts Hapsburgs Bourbons centralization B. Society 1. Peninsulares or europeos 2. creoles 3. mestizos, mulattoes, zambos 4. slaves Conversion Dominicans, Franciscans C. Economics D. Brazil Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 Sugar 1560: 2,000 tons 1600: 14,000 Iberian Colonies, c. 1700

3. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. II. The West Indies English: Saint Christopher, Barbados, Santa-Lucia, St. Kitts, Nevis, Monteserrat, Antigua, Bahamas 1655, Cromwell, Jamaica Dutch: Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire French: part of St. Kitts, Martinique, Dominique, Guadeloupe later: Tortuga, Santo Domingo Indentures The West Indies, c. 1700

4. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Breaking Away: The U.S. A. A New Consciousness Restoration > rebels flee Glorious Revolution > Catholics flee Effects of Locke, etc. 1763, practical autonomy

5. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Breaking Away: The U.S. B. The Roots of Rebellion Seven Year's War Peace of Paris, 1763 Grenville program 1764, Sugar Act 1765, Stamp Act > "Stamp Act Congress" Charles Townshend (1725-67) Chancellor of the Exchequer new duties Samuel Adams (1722-1803) protests 1770, Boston Massacre Lord North (1732-92) chief minister concessions to East India Company > Boston Tea Party C. The Revolutionary War 1774, First Continental Congress, Philadelphia > Lexington, Concord, Revolution George Washington (1732-99) 1781, Surrender at Yorktown Treaty of Paris, 1783 D. Creating a Naton Articles of Confederation ratified, 1781 Daniel Shays (1747-1825) rebellion

6. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. III. Breaking Away: The U.S. E. The Constitution of the U.S. Federalist Papers Montesquieu, separation of powers Federalists v. Anti-Federalists Constitution adopted, 1788 F. From Theory to Reality 1789, George Washington elected 1803, Napoleon sells Louisiana G. Unfulfilled Dreams Slavery Native Americans

7. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. IV. Haiti: The First Successful Slave Revolution A. The French Revolution's Impact 1789, news of French Revolution > uprisings on Santo Domingo, Martinique National Constituent Assembly Amis des Noirs attack slavery B. Toussaint Louverture and Haitian Independence Revolutionary War Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines 1793, slaves freed 1797, Louverture commander-in-chief 1802, Napoleon re-imposes slavery Louverture captured 1804, independence

8. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Latin American Revolutions A. Revolutions in Mexico and Central American 1808, Napoleon ousts kings of Spain and Portugal B. Fracture Zones and Frustrations Three separate conflicts: 1. Mexico 1810, Peasant Uprising 1821, conservative coup 2. Simón Bolívar part of South and Central America 3. San Martín lower South America Three influential events: 1. Ferdinand VII's eviction, 1808 2. Restoration, 1814 3. 1820, Spanish liberal revolution Independence movement mix of civil war and revolution

9. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Latin American Revolutions C. Mexico Miguel Hidalgo (1753-1811) Dia del Grito, Sept. 16, 1810 leads rebels to Guanajuato José María Morelos (1765-1815) priest, mestizo Augustin de Iturbide (1783-1824) August, 1821, independence Iturbide, 10 months as emperor Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794-1876) president, dictator

10. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Latin American Revolutions D. Simón Bolívar and the Northern Revolt Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) in Paris during Directory "the Liberator" declares war against Spain, 1813 E. José de San Martín and Southern Independence José de San Martín (1778-1850) with Bernardo O'Higgins liberation of Chile, 1817 meets with Bolívar Brazil King John VI of Portugal rules from Rio de Janeiro 1807-1831 1821, to Portugal son, Dom Pedro rules 1822, Pedro takes over 1831, abdicates for Pedro II

11. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. V. The Latin American Revolutions F. The Consequences of the Revolutions Economic ties remain Church shattered Monroe Doctrine, 1823

12. Brummett, et al,Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins Chapter 21: The Americas, 1650-1825: From European Dominance to Independence ©2006, Pearson Education, Inc. Louis Hennepin’s Map of the Americas