2. The French Monarchy: 1775 - 1793 Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

3. Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

4. Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

6. The Necklace Scandal e Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan e The Countess de LaMotte 1,600,000 livres [$100 million today]

7. Let Them Eat Cake! e “Madame Deficit” e “The Austrian Whore”

8. French Budget, 1774

9. Where is the tax money?

10. Urban Commoner’s Budget:Urban Commoner’s Budget: –Food 80% –Rent 25% –Tithe 10% –Taxes 35% –Clothing 20% –TOTAL 170% King’s Budget:King’s Budget: –Interest 50% –Army 25% –Versailles 25% –Coronation 10% –Loans 25% –Admin. 25% –TOTAL 160% Financial Problems in France, 1789

11. The French Urban Poor

12. Socio-Economic Data, 1789

13. Ancien Regime Map, 1789

14. Convening the Estates General May, 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!

15. Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates 1 1 1

16. Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head! 300 648

17. Europe on the Eve of the French Revolution

18. “The Third Estate Awakens”

19. “The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

20. Lettres de Cachet e The French king could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal. e A carte-blanche warrant. e Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000 during the reign of Louis XV! e Eliminated in 1790.

21. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789

22. Revolutionary Paris, 1789

23. The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt July 20, 1789

24. March of the Women, October 5-6, 1789 We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

25. National Constituent Assembly 1789 - 1791 August Decrees ( August 4-11, 1789) Liberté!Liberté! Egalité!Egalité! Fraternité!Fraternité! e Equality & Meritocracy

26. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789

27. The Tricolor (1789) The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of Paris. Citizen! Citizen!

28. 83 Revolutionary Departments February 26, 1790

29. Planting the Tree of Liberty 1790

30. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy The Civil Constitution of the Clergy July 12, 1790 Jurying vs. Non-Jurying Clergy

31. AssignatsAssignats They were backed by the sale of Church lands.

32. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

33. The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government The French Constitution of 1791: A Bourgeois Government e The king got the “suspensive” veto [which prevented the passage of laws for 3 years]. * he could not pass laws. * his ministers were responsible for their own actions. e A permanent, elected, single chamber National Assembly. * had the power to grant taxation. e An independent judiciary. e “Active” Citizen vs. “Passive” Citizen.

34. Louis XVI Tried to Escape to Varennes, 1791

35. The Cordeliers e The Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. e Organized in 1790. e It provided a political base for Danton and Marat. e It eventually drifted to the extreme left after Marat’s death. e Taken over by Jacques Réne Hébert and the Hébertists, who controlled the Paris Commune. e Called for the deposition of the king.

36. The Champs de Mar Massacre (July 17, 1791) e Led by the Cordeliers. e Put down by the Marquis de Lafayette and the newly-created National Guard. 1757 – 1834

37. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES o “Hist210—Europe in the Age of Revolutions.” http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/ chron/rch5.htm http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/ chron/rch5.htm http://www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/ chron/rch5.htm o “Liberty, Fraternity, Equality: Exploring the French Revolution.” http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/ http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/ o Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and Reaction: Europe, 1789-1849. Cambridge University Press, 2001. o “The Napoleonic Guide.” http://www.napoleonguide.com/index.htm http://www.napoleonguide.com/index.htm