1. Effects of the Enlightenment on the World

2. “Enlightened Monarchs” Most of Europe ruled by absolute monarchs Receptive to Enlightenment ideas Instituted new laws and practices Enlightened Monarchs Frederick II, Prussia Catherine the Great, Russia Maria Theresa, Austria Joseph II, Holy Roman Empire Gustav III, Sweden Napoleon I, France

3. The American Revolution Influence of Locke, Montesquieu The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson

4. The U.S. Constitution Separation of powers Checks and balances Painting depicting the Constitutional Convention

5. The French Revolution The American Revolution The Estates General The Marquis de Lafayette

6. The Declaration of the Rights of Man Adopted by National Assembly in 1789 “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité”

7. The Legacy of the Enlightenment Government Society Education The signing of the U.S. Constitution

8. Frederick the Great (ruled 1740–1786) Prussian ruler Had a strong interest in Enlightenment works Induced Voltaire to come to Prussia

9. Frederick the Great (continued) Wanted to make Prussia a modern state Reforms Painting titled “Frederick the Great and Voltaire.”

10. Catherine the Great (ruled 1762–1796) Russian ruler Well-versed in Enlightenment works “Westernizing” Russia

11. Catherine the Great (continued) Domestic reforms Peasant revolt

12. Maria Theresa (ruled 1740–1780) Austrian ruler Government reforms The serfs Son—Joseph II

13. Joseph II (ruled 1765–1790) Ruled as coregent with his mother until 1780 Joseph’s reforms Religious toleration Control over the Catholic Church Abolition of serfdom

14. Gustav III (ruled 1771–1792) Swedish ruler Read French Enlightenment works Reforms Absolutism

15. Napoleon I French ruler Military career Rise to power

16. Napoleon I (continued) Reforms Education Law