1. Unit III B Medieval Europe (Middle Ages) 7/2013Izydorczak1

2. Battle of Tours: Battle at Tours, France where Christian armies stopped Islam from advancing into Christian Europe. 7/2013Izydorczak2

3. Moors: Name given to Muslims in Spain (Islam was spreading into Europe from N. Africa 7/2013Izydorczak3

4. Charles Martel: Christian leader who defeated Muslim armies at Battle of Tours 7/2013Izydorczak4

5. Charlemagne: Powerful Frankish ruler who built a large Christian empire in central Europe 7/2013Izydorczak5

6. 7/2013Izydorczak6

7. Feudalism: Political system in which nobles or lords are granted land from the king in exchange for loyalty and military service 7/2013Izydorczak7

8. Manorialism: Economic system of feudalism; Medieval lord’s estate {self-sufficient} 7/2013Izydorczak8

9. 7/2013Izydorczak9

10. Feudal Class System: Rigid class system in Europe during feudalism 7/2013Izydorczak10

11. Lords: Powerful landowners 7/2013Izydorczak11

12. Vassal: A person owing service to a feudal lords 7/2013Izydorczak12

13. Fief: Land granted by a lord to a vassal 7/2013Izydorczak13

14. Knights: Warriors who defended their Lords lands 7/2013Izydorczak14

15. Chivalry: Behavior code of Medieval knights which stresses discipline, loyalty and respect To fear God and maintain His Church To serve the liege lord in valour and faith To protect the weak and defenceless To give succour to widows and orphans To refrain from the wanton giving of offence To live by honour and for glory To despise pecuniary reward To fight for the welfare of all To obey those placed in authority To guard the honour of fellow knights To eschew unfairness, meanness and deceit To keep faith At all times to speak the truth To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun To respect the honour of women Never to refuse a challenge from an equal Never to turn the back upon a foe. 7/2013Izydorczak15

16. Serf: Peasants bound to land of their feudal lords 7/2013Izydorczak16

17. Clergy: Church officials [Priests, monks, nuns, bishops, etc..]. 7/2013Izydorczak17

18. Tithe Church tax. Tynemouth Priory - Late medieval church and graveyard 7/2013Izydorczak18

19. Gothic Church style of architecture in medieval Europe (example: ribbed arches, stain glass windows, flying buttress, pointed arches, tall spires). 7/2013Izydorczak19

20. Canon Law Church laws and standards that guided Christians during the Middle ages 7/2013Izydorczak20

21. Interdiction (Form of punishment) Church punishment, cutting off official church functions, services, etc., in a particular area. 7/2013Izydorczak21

22. Lay Investiture: Appointment of religious officials (clergy) by kings or nobles. 7/2013Izydorczak22

23. Usury: Appointment of religious officials (clergy) by kings or nobles. 7/2013Izydorczak23

24. Simony: Practice of selling positions in the church 7/2013Izydorczak24

25. Inquisition: Roman Catholic church court in charge of investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s. 7/2013Izydorczak25

26. Anti-Semitism: Prejudice against Jews. 7/2013Izydorczak26

27. Unit III B Crusades (Middle Ages) 7/2013Izydorczak27

28. Crusades: European Christian military expeditions made between the 11 th and 13 th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims. 7/2013Izydorczak28

29. Holy Land: Term given to lands in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. 7/2013Izydorczak29

30. Seljuk Turks Dynasty that controlled Turkey during the 11 th and 12 th centuries. The Seljuk disruption of European travel to the Holy Lands resulted in the Crusades. 7/2013Izydorczak30

31. Saladin: Muslim leader during the crusaders who captured Jerusalem, allows unarmed Christians to worship in peace in the holy land. This deal was struck with Richard the Lionhearted. 7/2013Izydorczak31

32. Commercial Revolution: Economic changes decreasing the role of feudalism and Manorialism towards systems of capitalism, trade and commerce between the 1000 and 1300. Expansion of business and trade as agriculture increased. 7/2013Izydorczak32

33. Gentry: Wealthy landowners 7/2013Izydorczak33

34. Guild: Association of artisans and tradesmen formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards during Medieval age 7/2013Izydorczak34

35. Hanseatic League: Band of German merchant traders working cooperatively to protect their trade interests and eventually monopolized trade on the Baltic and North Seas. 7/2013Izydorczak35

36. Vernacular: Common, everyday language – not Latin. 7/2013Izydorczak36

37. Bubonic Plague/Black Death: Epidemic during the 13 th and 14 th centuries killing millions in China and killing one-third of Europeans 7/2013Izydorczak37

38. Nation-state: An independent nation or country. 7/2013Izydorczak38

39. Common Law: [English Common Law] A unified body of law formed from rulings of England’s royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries today – like the USA. 7/2013Izydorczak39

40. Magna Carta (Great Charter) A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, Power of purse to Parliament. Drawn up by nobles and “approved” by King John (1215) **First time a monarch’s power is reduced. 7/2013Izydorczak40

41. Parliament: England’s governing body – the legislature. 7/2013Izydorczak41

42. Estates General: The governing body of France (legislature) PRE- FRENCH REVOLUTION 7/2013Izydorczak42

43. Hundred Years’ War: Conflict in which England and France battled on French soil over English claims to French lands.[1337-1453] 7/2013Izydorczak43

44. Joan of Arc: French peasant girl who rallied French troops to defeat the English in the Hundred Years’ War – thus enabling Charles to become king of France. 7/2013Izydorczak44