1. ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

2. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems2 We live in a world of communication: a world in which people react violently or peacefully to a statement, an action, or a concept. Pick up the newspaper, snap on the radio, or flip on the TV for proof. A world leader directs a statement of hostility to another (communication), and tanks begin to roll! A president or prime minister steps down (communication), and peace settles over a torn and battered nation. A representative speaks in the United Nations (communication), and fifteen minutes later, rioting and bloodshed take place six thousand miles away. Nations, companies, families, and individuals in today’s world constantly act and react as a result of communication. Sigband and Bateman 1981

3. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems3 AN OUTLINE OF TODAY ’ S LECTURE 1. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? 2. HOW DOES COMMUNICATION WORK? 3. WHY DOES COMMUNICATION HAPPEN? 4. WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION?

4. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems4 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Can we ever agree on the true nature of communication? Here are some descriptions of human behavior. Does communication take place in all of them? (A) _______You yawn, but no one sees it. (B) _______You yawn, and your friend later realizes that you were tired even though she didn’t pay any attention to it at the time. (C) _______You yawn, and your friend says, “Am I that boring?” (D) _______You wave at a friend, but he doesn’t see you. (E) _______Your friend later says, “I’m sorry I didn’t wave back, but I was thinking about something else and didn’t realize you had waved to me until after I turned the corner.” What is communication?

5. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems5 (F) _______You wave to a friend, and she waves back. (G) _______You send a letter to a friend, but it gets lost in the mail. (H) _______Your dad lectures you for having a messy room, and although you know he is talking to you, you really aren’t paying much attention. (I) _______You give a speech to a group that is eager to hear what you have to say. Adapted from Littlejohn 2002: p. 8 What is communication?

6. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems6 THREE MAJOR POSITIONS 1 The sender-receiver model 2 The receiver model 3 The communication behavior model

7. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems7 1 Linear model 2 Interactional model 3 Transactional model 4 Power-in-communication model 5 Cultural model HOW DOES COMMUNICATION WORK?

8. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems8 The Linear Model Sender Receiver Sender How communication works The Linear Model

9. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems9 The Interactional Model Immediate physical environment Feedback Sender Encoding Receiver Channel or medium Decoding How communication works The Interactional Model

10. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems10 The Transactional Model SenderReceiver Immediate physical environment SenderReceiver Immediate physical environment How communication works The Transactional Model

11. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems11 Power-in-communication model Sender Receiver Power Relations between participants Society / Power in Society Sender Receiver Sender Receiver Society / Power in Society How communication works Power-in-communication Model

12. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems12 The Cultural Model Sender Receiver Sender Receiver Culture Sender Receiver Sender Receiver Culture How communication works The Cultural Model

13. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems13 1Participants 2Modes of communication 3Immediate physical environment 4Relations of power 5Cultures ESSENTIAL FACTORS IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

14. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems14 WHY DOES COMMUNICATION HAPPEN? Purposes, Motivations and Desired Results of Communication

15. ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems15 WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION? 1 Differences in perception and language 2 Poor listening 3 Emotional interference 4 Cultural differences 5 Physical distraction