1. The principles of checks and balances and separation of powers were put forward by…
Mary Wallstonecraft
Diderot
Montesquieu
Rousseau

2. Montesquieu

3. Which group made up the vast majority of the French society
Clergy
The First Estate
The Ancien Regime
The Third Estate

4. Third Estate

5. Which of the following was an agriculture improvement of the 1600s
Fertilizer from livestock
Animal domestication
Chemical pesticides
Warmer weather for growing crops

6. Fertilizer from livestock

7. Which of the following goals represents conservative ideology in Europe in the early 1800s?
Restoration of power to royal families
Establishment of a homeland for each national group
Support for freedom of the press
Tolerance for religious differences

8. Restoration of power to royal families

9. Adam Smith was a supporter of?
Natural laws
The Enlightenment
Government Regulation of business
Laissez faire

10. Laissez faire

11. What contributed to France’s financial crisis?
A drop in the gold supply
An extended period of peace
Peasant uprisings
Bad harvest

12. Bad harvest

13. Liberals wanted governments to be based on…
Divine right
Nationalism
The economy
Written constitutions

14. Written Constitutions

15. Which was the most important source of power for the early Industrial Rev.?
Steam engine
Animals
Windmill
Dynamo

16. Steam Engine

17. The goal of nationalists was to unify
Italy
People with a common national heritage
Europe’s monarchies
All European nations

18. People with common national heritage

19. What is true about peasants and the Enlightenment?
It had little effect on their life
They acquired material wealth
Most moved to cities
Their lives changed greatly

20. Had little effect on their lives

21. What natural resources did Britain have?
Water and forests
Wild life and precious gems
Coals and irons
Good harbors

22. Coal and iron

23. What industry happened first in the Industrial Rev.?
Iron production
Agriculture
Textiles
Transportation

24. Textiles

25. Which group dominated Latin America?
Creaoles
Peninsulares
Mestizos
Mulattoes

26. Peninsulares

27. Educated Creoles in the 1700s were influenced by…
Spanish cruelty toward the mestizos
Bolivar’s vow to free his country
Enlightenment ideas
The peninsulares

28. Enlightenment ideas

29. What was the role of the 13 colonies for Britain?
Supplied labor for factories
Served as a trading link
Supplied slave labor
Supplied Britain with food

30. Served as a trading link

31. Toussaint l’Overture led a revolt in which colony?
Haiti
Ecuador
Mexico
Gran Columbia

32. Haiti

33. Which group tried to reform society without being too radical?
Socialists
Communists
Utilitarian’s
Utopians

34. Utopians

35. What countries led the Congress of Vienna?
United States, Russia, France
France, Austria, Britain
China, Russia, and Austria
Austria, Russia, Britain

36. Austria, Russia, Britain

37. Women’s suffrage made strides in…
Europe
Rural areas
Eastern U.S.
Western U.S., New Zealand, Australia

38. Western U.S., NZ, Australia

39. Enlightenment thinkers
Locke
People had natural rights (life, liberty, property)
Rousseau
Social Contract, government comes from the consent of the people
Montesquieu
Separation of powers
Voltaire
Candide, religious freedom
&
Hobbes
Leviathan, people are naturally evil

40. Turning point: The Enlightenment changed EVERYTHING
Inspired the American Revolution
American Revolution inspired French Revolution… which led to European nationalism
Improved women’s rights
Increased educational opportunities
Led to the Industrial Revolution
Religious freedom
Abolishment of torture

41. The French Revolution End of absolute monarch Louis XVI
Estates System & Estates General
Liberty, equality, brotherhood
Inspired by the Enlightenment
Robespierre & the Reign of Terror

42. Napoleon Bonaparte Enlightened dictator Code Napoleon Conquered Europe
Defeated by Russian Winter (Waterloo)

43. Congress of Vienna Triumph of Diplomacy Triumph of Conservatism
The alliance of countries that defeated Napoleon wanted peace and stability in Europe
Balance of Power
Metternich

44. Latin American Revolutions

45. Location
Cause
Person
Haiti
Slave Revolt
Toussaint L’Overture
Spanish South America
Social classes (Creoles)
Bolivar, San Martin
Mexico
Social classes (mestizos)
Hidalgo
Brazil
Creoles demanded independence
Dom Pedro

46. Industrial Revolution
a major change in a country’s method of producing goods and organizing labor
a movement from:
an agricultural to an industrial society
manual labor to use of machines
Rural society to an urban society

47. Industrial Revolution
Began – England (why England?)
Later every major country industrialized s
Textile Industry

48. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
People working long hours for low pay
Terrible pollution
Slums
People being hurt or killed at work
Child Labor
More goods, produced faster
Population growth
Urbanization
New social order

49. Communism & Capitalism
Karl Marx
Reaction to Industrial Revolution
Communist Manifesto
No private property
Adam Smith (no real founder)
Wealth of Nations
Private property is a basic inalienable right
Supply & Demand
Laissez-faire