1. URBAN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
Unit 3: CGC1D
URBAN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS

2. Questions
Urbanization -5 kinds of urban places -Basic and non-Basic industry
Central place theory -High / Middle and Low-order goods
What factors influence the location and growth of urban centres?
What is the relationship between urban centres and hinterlands?
In what ways do urban places differ from one another?

3. Basic and Non-Basic Industries
Industries that sell its products outside the community, bringing money into the community;
provide jobs for residents (e.g., Collingwood ski resort provides jobs and wages for local residents).
Non-basic Industries:
Industry that sells its products within a community but it does not bring “new” money into that community (from the outside).
Economic Base:
Economic activities that allow a community to exist. For example, a town might exist because of local mining operations.
Multiplier Effect:
Total effect on the economy caused by expansion/contraction of jobs.

4. Definition: Urban Areas
more than 1000 people living together in a city or town
nearly 80% of Canadians live in urban areas

5. Definition: City
group of more than people can be considered a city in Canada

6. Definition: Metropolitan Area
a large city (> people) and the attached urban areas not directly part of the city

7. How do cities start? as transportation “stop” areas.
Example: Montreal is at the junction of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers
as a central place for providing markets and services for the surrounding area
Example: Regina, SK
as a special function city built around a specific industry
Example: Sudbury is a mining city
Some cities grow so large they incorporate all of the above and become multipurpose cities.
Example: Toronto

8. Christaller’s Central Place Theory
This theory suggests that any good or service offered by a central place needs a minimum number of customers to stay in business
Low-order goods & services (need only a small population to stay in business – i.e., milk & bread)
Middle-order goods & services (larger population is needed – i.e., family doctors, hair salons, shoe stores)
High-order goods & services (need a large population – i.e., specialized hospital, art gallery, designer clothing store)

9. Where do cities form? On transport routes (water is most important)
Reasonably flat land
Close to some form of industry (mining, forestry)

10. How do we divide land in cities?
There are 6 major land uses in cities.
1. Residential – single unit, row housing, apartments
2. Commercial – stores, malls, offices, banks, restaurants, cinemas
3. Industrial – factories, warehouses, manufacturing
4. Transportation – roads, parking lots
5. Recreational – parks, bikepaths, beaches, museums
6. Institutional – schools, churches, courts, police and fire stations, government