2. Day 1 Sec 7.1—The Discovery of Cells

3. OBJECTIVE □ To understand the parts and use of a microscope. □ To practice using the microscope.

4. BRAINSTORM Name 5 things you would need a microscope to see

5. CATALYST Name 5 parts of the microscope….

6. ReadAloud—pg 171

7. The Amazing Microscope Name: _____________________________ Can you imagine how amazed people must have been when they first saw things under the microscope? How could they have known a whole other world existed? This book will guide us as we explore that microscopic world.

8. #1 Close your eyes and imagine what a leaf looks like. Or better yet, look at a leaf. Draw the picture of your leaf in the space below. Title your picture. Title: _______________________________

9. You are now a scientist from November 20th 1585. The microscope has not yet been invented. What do you think the people of that time thought about the inside of leaves? Draw a picture of what you think a leaf might look like if you could look up-close and inside the leaf. Take a guess! It’s 1585; no one knows for sure what the inside looks like. Title your picture. Title:___________________________________ #2

10. People have always been interested in the “insides of things”. Why do you think people have always been interested in that? #3

11. You’ve just been given the most powerful microscope that exists. What would you use it to look at? #4 This is Beer. Beer is a complex and heterogeneous mixture that contains a wide variety of both low and high molecular weight carbohydrates, minerals, alcohol, trace amounts of proteins, yeast by-products, and other diverse organic compounds along with carbon dioxide in an approximately 10% weight to volume mixture with water. Take a look at the photograph above. Try to guess what it is!

12. Read Electron Microscopes —pg 172 (par. 1 only)

13. After the invention of the microscope, somewhere between the years 1590 and 1608, what people understood about nature changed. For example, before the microscope scientists thought blood traveled in a one-way path. They thought blood was made in the intestines then traveled to the heart. Upon leaving the heart, the scientists thought the blood was carried by veins and arteries and then was spilled into the body tissue. After the invention of the microscope, scientists discovered that blood traveled in a loop. They learned that blood circulated from the heart to the tissues and then was carried back to the heart. The scientists found tiny blood vessels called capillaries that connected the arteries to the veins, creating a loop. Were the scientists wrong to believe what they believed before the invention of the microscope? Explain your answer! #5

14. Our tools continued to improve as time passed and we could see more and more of the microscopic world. Light microscopes kept getting better and better with more and more magnification to about 1000 times! Then the electron microscope was invented with magnification of about 1,000,000 times, followed by the scanning tunneling microscope and the atomic force microscope. The atomic force microscope, invented in 1981, magnifies up to 1 billion times! How do you think tools were important in the growth and development of biology? #6

15. EYEPIECE REVOLVING NOSE PIECE ARM LOW-POWER OBJECTIVE HIGH-POWER OBJECTIVES STAGE CLIPS STAGE DISK DIAPHRAGMCOARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB LAMP BASE

16. How to Focus a Light Microscope 1.Always start with the stage all the way down (use the coarse adjustment knob) 2. Always start with the low-power objective-4x (Rotate the nosepiece until the low- power objective is over the hole in the stage) 3. Place the slide on the stage (make sure the part of the slide with the cover slip is over the hole in the stage) and secure with stage clips 4. Move the stage up (using the coarse adjustment knob) slowly as far as it will go without hitting the slide. Be sure to watch the stage as you do this. 5. Look through the eyepiece. Adjust the stage by turning the coarse adjustment knob slowly until the image comes into view. 6. Use the fine adjustment knob to bring the image into sharper image. 7. Move the low power objective out of viewing position. Look to the side of the microscope as you rotate the nosepiece to the lowest high-power objective (10X) and click it into viewing position. 8. Use the fine adjustment knob to bring the image into sharper focus.

17. Homework-- Make a Vocabulary Foldable: OUTSIDE: Start with 7 words: (due Wednesday!) cell cell theory light microscope electron microscope prokaryote eukaryote organelles INSIDE: On the left—Write the definition On the right—Write or draw examples or other info

18. Day 2 Sec 7.1—The Discovery of Cells

19. CATALYST Make 2 columns on your sheet Everything you know about cells Everything you want to know about cells 5 minutes

20. CATALYST Make 2 columns on your sheet Everything you know about cells Everything you want to know about cells 4 minutes

21. CATALYST Make 2 columns on your sheet Everything you know about cells Everything you want to know about cells 3 minutes

22. CATALYST Make 2 columns on your sheet Everything you know about cells Everything you want to know about cells 2 minutes

23. CATALYST Make 2 columns on your sheet Everything you know about cells Everything you want to know about cells 1 minutes

24. Objectives: I CAN… □ Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. □ Identify the main ideas of the cell theory.

25. 1673- ___________________________________ a Dutch microscope maker was the first to see LIVING ORGANISMS. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

26. Read The Cell Theory—pg 172

27. 1665- ______________________ used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork, dead cells of oak bark and saw “little boxes” He called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells Robert Hooke

28. THE CELL THEORY Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.

29. ________  __________  ___________  ATOMS MOLECULESORGANELLES

30. ____________  CELLSTISSUES Similar cells working together

31. ___________  __________  ___________ ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM Different tissues working together Different organs working together

32. 1.All organisms are made of one or more cells. THE CELL THEORY

33. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure, organization, and function of organisms. THE CELL THEORY

34. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. THE CELL THEORY

35. CELL THEORY 1. All living things are ________________________. 2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________) 3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells MADE OF 1 or MORE CELLS existing life STRUCTURE FUNCTION

36. The Cell Theory Fill out the cell theory chart!!!

37. All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different. UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR

38. Insert into Notes Unicellular Multicellular Made of one cell  Example: bacteria Made of more than one cell  Example: plants and animals

39. Day 2

40. CATALYST What is one part of the cell theory? What do you think is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? 5 minutes

41. CATALYST What is one part of the cell theory? What do you think is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? 4 minutes

42. CATALYST What is one part of the cell theory? What do you think is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? 3 minutes

43. CATALYST What is one part of the cell theory? What do you think is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? 2 minutes

44. CATALYST What is one part of the cell theory? What do you think is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? 1 minutes

45. CATALYST What is one part of the cell theory? What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular? 5 minutes

46. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? You will have 5 minutes to answer the question on the next slide

47. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 5 minutes

48. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 4 minutes

49. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 3 minutes Partner Read

50. Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 2 minutes

51. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 1 minute

52. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 10 seconds

53. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 9 seconds

54. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 8 seconds

55. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 7 seconds

56. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 6 seconds

57. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 5 seconds

58. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 4 seconds

59. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 3 seconds

60. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 2 seconds

61. Partner Read Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms, found in all environments. Prokaryotes are the largest group of organisms, mostly due to the vast array of bacteria which comprise the bulk of the prokaryote classification. Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes. There are many unicellular organisms which are eukaryotic, but all cells in multi-cellular organisms are eukaryotic. 1. Which type of cell are humans composed of? How do you know? 1 second

62. TIMES UP!!!! TIME TO SHARE ANSWERS!

63. ReadAloud—pg 173 Two Basic Cell Types

64. Cells that do not contain internal membrane-bound structures are called prokaryotic cells. The cells of most unicellular organisms such as bacteria do not have membrane bound structures and are therefore called prokaryotes. Two Basic Cell Types

65. A prokaryotic cell does not have internal organelles surrounded by a membrane. Most of a prokaryote’s metabolism takes place in the cytoplasm. 1. Ribosomes 2. DNA 3. Plasma membrane 4. Cell wall Chapter Assessment

66. Cells that do not contain any membrane-bound organelles. Example: bacteria Prokaryotes Take Notes! Topic: Cells

68. Most of the multi-cellular plants and animals we know are made up of cells containing membrane-bound structures and are therefore called eukaryotes. Cells containing membrane-bound structures are called eukaryotic cells. Two Basic Cell Types

69. This eukaryotic cell from an animal has distinct membrane-bound organelles that allow different parts of the cell to perform different functions. 4. Plasma membrane 1. Nucleus 2. Nucleolus 3. Chromosomes 5. Organelles

70. Cells that contain membrane- bound organelles. Examples: amoebas, algae, yeast, animals, plants. Eukaryotes Take Notes! Topic: Cells

72. The membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells are called organelles. Each organelle has a specific function that contributes to cell survival. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

73. Human Cell Eukaryotic cells are generally one to one hundred times bigger than prokaryotic cells.

75. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Both Fill out the diagram using your notes and the text book!!!!

76. Prokaryotes NO membrane- bound organelles cell walls most are unicellular DNA floats freely around small (.001 -.01mm) Both: cytoplasm DNA as genetic material ribosomes Cell membrane CELLS Eukaryotes nucleus & membrane-bound organelles some have cell walls most are multi- cellular large (.01 -.1mm)

77. Objectives: If you feel like we accomplished these objectives put a check in the box □ Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. □ Identify the main ideas of the cell theory.

78. CATALYST 1.Give an example of a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. 2.Which characteristic of life applies to what we are talking about? Hint…think ORGA!!!

79. The Cell Theory Fill out the cell theory chart!!!

80. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Both Fill out the diagram using your notes and the text book!!!!

81. Prokaryotes NO membrane- bound organelles cell walls most are unicellular DNA floats freely around small (.001 -.01mm) Both: cytoplasm DNA as genetic material ribosomes Cell membrane CELLS Eukaryotes nucleus & membrane-bound organelles some have cell walls most are multi- cellular large (.01 -.1mm)

82. Review Cell Theory & Eukaryotes/Prokaryotes Use the whiteboard to answer the following questions (you may use your book or notes!) As soon as your pair gets 3 answers raise it up and it will be checked.

83. SET 1 1.Hook used a compound light microscope to study what types of cells? --cork 2. What type of microscope magnifies structures up to 500,000 times their actual size? – electron

84. SET 2: 1.Which is bigger, a prokaryote or a eukaryote? -- eukaryote 2. The 3 ideas that all living things are made of one or more cells, cells are basic units of organization, and all cells come from other cells make up what scientific principle? – cell theory

85. SET 3 1. Bacteria is an example of a prokaryote or a eukaryote? -- prokaryote 2. Which has internal, membrane-bound organelles, a eukaryote or prokaryote? -- eukaryote

86. CELL SIZE Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm

87. How big is a micron ( µ ) ? 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns

88. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS. Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs

89. Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION

90. SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLS Muscle cells Red blood cells Cheek cells

91. Specialized Plant cells Guard cells Xylem cells Pollen