1. Test Tomorrow! Bring a pencil!
Chapter 1 Review
Test Tomorrow!
Bring a pencil!

2. 1. What is biology? What topics would you study in biology?
Study of life and living organisms
Examples of what we study in bio: animals, plants, bacteria, genetics, cell division, ecology, evolution
2. List and describe the 8 characteristics of life (use your notes).
Cell Structure and Function
All living organisms are made up of cells (Unicellular or Multicellular)
Multicellular organisms' cells become differentiated and develop into specialized tissues
"Form fits Function"
Organization
Cells are organized, different cells/organelles/tissues/organs have different functions but work together to make a fully functional system
Matter, Energy and Organization
All organisms made up of matter and need a constant energy source
Autotroph - makes own food energy (producers)
Heterotroph - consumes other organisms for food energy (consumers)
Metabolism - all energy using/producing reactions in the body

3. Interdependence of Organisms
Growth
All organisms grow and need energy to grow
Grow because of cell division and cell enlargement
Use nutrients from food to build new cells
Reproduction
Essential to the survival of the species; produce organisms like themselves since the offspring inherits the parents' DNA
Asexual – offspring inherits DNA from one parent, identical to parent (unless mutation)
Sexual – offspring inherits DNA from both parents, not identical to either parent
Evolution
Species' genes change over many generations;
DNA/genes change because of changes in enviro or mutations
Interdependence of Organisms
All species are dependent on each other, no species can survive without other species
Stability and Homeostasis
Homeostasis - stable, internal living conditions
Stable internal conditions not the same for all species
If homeostasis is altered, can interfere with functioning of cell/body

4. 3. List the steps of the scientific method in order.
Observations – organize, research, use senses, take measurements
Hypothesis – basis for experiment, question form, has to be testable, make prediction
Experiment – 2 groups (control/experiment), only test one variable/factor at a time
Results – analyze data, can trust data?, does support hypothesis?
Theory – evidence based explanation for phenomena
4. What is a hypothesis?
Question about a problem you’ve observed
Basis for experiment, has to be testable
Usually make a prediction about what is causing the problem 

5. 5. Why does a scientific experiment need a control group
5. Why does a scientific experiment need a control group? (know difference between control & experimental group)
Need to have control group so you can compare the results of the experimental group with results that would happen “normally”
Control – does not have experimental factor
Experimental group – exposed to the experimental factor
6. How many experimental factors should be in a properly designed scientific experiment and why?
Only ONE!!! B/c if you test more than one factor at a time, you won’t know what caused the results
7. What is the difference between the experimental factor and the independent variable?
Nothing! Experimental factor – new variable being tested, same as independent variable
Dependent variable – what you’re hoping will be affected by the experimental factor.

6. 8. What should you do during the results step?
Analyze data, can you trust the data?
Does it support your hypothesis?
9. What is a theory? Are scientific theories the same as a scientific fact?
Evidence based explanation for how/why something happens
Believed to be true by majority of people, based on evidence from scientific tests
NO, not a fact! Can be proven wrong as new data comes out

7. - Length: meter (m) - Time: second (s)
10. What are the SI base units for measuring length, mass, time, volume and temperature?
 - Length: meter (m)  - Time: second (s)
- Mass: gram (g)  - Temperature: Celsius ( C)
11. Why was the SI system invented?
To have a universal measuring system for the whole world to use
12. Describe how the SI system works.
Different base unit to describe what you’re measuring
Add prefixes to base term to change value
Each prefix is a multiple of 10

8. Autotroph – Organism that makes its own energy/food, most use energy from sun to make food, aka producers; Examples: plants, algae, some bacteria
Control Group – Group that serves as a standard for comparison, the “normal” group, not exposed to experimental factor
Dependent Variable – The factor you are measuring, changed by the experimental factor
Experimental Factor – The factor you are changing, the independent variable
Experimental Group – Group you are performing the experiment on, has the experimental factor
Heterotroph – Organism that uses other organisms for energy/food source, aka “consumer”; Example – animals, fungus, protists, some bacteria, rare plants

9. Homeostasis – Stable internal living conditions
Magnification – Increase of an object’s apparent size
Multicellular – Many celled organism, Cells are differentiated (specialized); Example – animal, plant, fungus
Resolution – Clarity of the enlarged image, amount of details shown
Scientific Method – Process scientists follow when conducting an experiment
Unicellular – Single celled organism; Example – bacteria, protist, algae

10. Know parts of the microscope.
Know how to calculate total magnification of a microscope.
Eyepiece is 10x
Multiply eyepiece magnification with magnification in the objective lens
Example: If the objective lens is 20X, the total magnification is:
20x x 10x (eyepiece) = 200x Total magnification
35x x 10x (eyepiece) = 350x Total magnification