1. Introduction to High Aspect Maneuvering
ACM – 08x
Introduction to High Aspect Maneuvering

2. Flight Brief ORM QOD BRIEF NATOPS EP SOP Training rules
In-flight emergencies
High aspect ACM
One-circle engagement
Two-circle engagement
Energy management
Controlling the merge
Out-of-plane maneuvering

3. Introduce (Neutral maneuvering)
DEMO
High aspect one-circle management
High aspect two-circle management
Introduce (Neutral maneuvering)
Neutral abeam start
Neutral butterfly start
Neutral unknown start (BVR)
High aspect one-circle engagement (nose-low entry to initial merge)

4. High Aspect Focus Aggressiveness…..Kill the bandit! Determine Flow
Evaluate the Bandit
Visual Cues / Energy Assessment
Define Roles
Remember Offensive / Defensive game plans and transition as appropriate

5. Execution Keys to success: KEEP/REGAIN SIGHT Out of Plane Maneuvering
Lift Vector Placement
Airspeed Excursions
Max Perform our Aircraft

6. Flight Brief (cont) Concepts & Definitions
In-Plane Flow: 1 circle vs. 2 circle
Out of Plane Maneuvering
Lift Vector Placement
Airspeed Excursions
Controlling Merges
Vertical Merges
Attack Gameplan
Ftr Turns Level
Ftr Nose Hi
Ftr Nose Low

7. Butterfly Set 1 3 4 3 2 2 2 3 4 1 Blind Gameplan
500ft
“Take a cut away” “Shocker 2” 3 4 3 2
nm or visual limits
“Shocker 1, turning in” “Shocker 2, turning in” 2 2
Blind Gameplan 3
“Left to left” “Left to left” 4
“Fight’s on!” “Fight’s on!”
30° check turn away
Throttle: mil 1
16k / 300kts
16k / 300kts

8. Blind Gameplan DO NOT TURN IN IF BLIND!! If blind after turning in….
Student Blind
“Tiger 2 blind, descending.”
Lag last known position and immediately descend ’ while lead talks your eyes on.
IP Blind
“Tiger 1 blind, climbing.”
Lag last known position and climb ’ and wait for stud to talk eyes on. If stud is also blind, he should immediately descend ’ and call “Tiger 2 blind.”
If merge is assessed to have occurred (opening A/A TCN), lead will call a KIO in the direction of the start of the maneuver at attempt to rejoin via comm.

9. Post-Merge Mechanics 30° check across tail - Keep sight
- Evaluate bandit’s energy state
- Set the flow
* In Plane 1circle / 2 circle
* Out of Plane

10. Abeam Set ? ? Discuss up/down/level gameplan.
“ ……1……fight’s on!” “Fight’s on!” ? ?
Discuss up/down/level gameplan.
1.0 / 300
16k
16k

11. Beyond Visual Range (BVR)
Real world application

12. Beyond Visual Range (BVR)
Execution Example 1
“Tiger 2, you’re cleared to the south.”
“Tiger 2.”
EWA 2 3 2
“Bandit’s established in the North.”
“Fighter’s established in the South.”
@ > 10nm
“Bandit’s turning in, fight’s on.”
“Fighter’s turning in, fight’s on.” 3 1
“Screwtop, Picture.”
“Screwtop, single group, (Bullseye) 150, 20, (low/high), hot, hostile.”
“Tiger’s commit.”
@ 10 nm
“Bandit’s in the block.”
“Fighter’s in the block.” 2
@ 5 nm
“5 miles, eyes out.” 3
When tally
“Tiger 2, tally 1, left 9 o’clock high (descriptive position of bandit)…..”
“Tiger 2 engaged 2 circle, left 12 thousand (describe the fight).”
15 -19
150 R

13. Flight Brief (cont) FENCE out Unknown Airspeed Rdv Wingman initiates
“(Callsign) fenced out L/R, G’s & fuel”
Unknown Airspeed Rdv
80%
kts

14. Recap
Overall Flow
Questions

15. Coordination Brief

16. ORM Operational Requirements / Limitations Human Factors
Crew Rest / Crew Day / Work Week
R&I
IP Currency (SOP)
Warm Up Eligibility
Previous Flight Incomplete? Determine Graded Items.
Human Factors
Life Stressors / External Factors / Personal Problems
Medical Status (Rest / Nourishment / Hydration)
Hazards and Controls
Routine
Weather
Current Observations and Forecasts
Crosswinds
Fuel Considerations
Mission Specific

17. TTO Who will call a TTO? What situations will the TTO be called?
Safety
Confusion / Misunderstanding
IP Responsibilities
Recognize need for TTO
Explanation / Instruction as necessary
Documentation on ATF
When and how will training resume?

18. WARM UP CRITERIA ACM IP < 750 HOURS IN STRIKE/FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
1 FLIGHT WITHIN THE PREVIOUS 6 DAYS
2 FLIGHTS WITHIN THE PREVIOUS 14 DAYS (1 FLT SHALL BE A DYNAMIC HOP)
ACM IP > 750 HOURS IN STRIKE/FIGHTER AIRCRAFT
1 FLIGHT WITHIN THE PREVIOUS 14 DAYS
2 FLIGHTS WITHIN THE PREVIOUS 30 DAYS
SNA
ONE WARM UP EVENT MAY BE AWARDED WHEN THERE HAS BEEN A DELAY OF 6 CALENDAR DAYS SINCE THE LAST EVENT IN A PARTICULAR STAGE.
IF THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED CURRICULUM EVENT IS A DUAL FLIGHT, THEN THE EVENT IS BRIEFED AND FLOWN AS THAT FLIGHT
IF THE SNA’S PROFICIANECY AFTER THE DELAY IN TRAINING IS CONSISTENT WITH HIS NORMAL PROCRESS AND WARRANTS CONTINUATION IN THE MODULE OF INSTRUCTIONS, THE FLIGHT SHALL BE CONSIDERED A WARMUP OF THE LAST FLIGHT EVENT COMPLETED.
IF THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED CURRICUMUM EVENT IS SOLO, THE STUDENT SHALL BE AWARDED A WARMUP OF THE LAST COMPLETED EVENT.
OPTIONAL WARM UP: 7-13 DAYS.
MANDATORY WARM UP: GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 14 DAYS.

19. ADMIN A/C - ATC C/S - Tactical C/S - Crew
TIMES (Brief / Walk / Marshal / Takeoff / Land)
ATC Clearance
Area
NUMBERS (Line / T/O / Abort / RPM)
Comm Plan – Primary / Aux
Nav Plan
LCLS
Joker / Bingo

20. ADMIN Launch Recovery Weather / NOTAMS / TFR / BASH
Preflight / Start / Marshal / Taxi
Takeoff ( 7sec or Section Go)
Recovery
4 second Break, TG’s / Full Stop
Instrument approach situations
Section approach / Flt sep on final?
RTB as singles?

21. Tac Admin G Warm Fence Checks G’s and Fuel checks Knock It Offs
17 unit pull to new heading
Reference 300 kts in climb
Fly to PADS for next set

22. Flow SSD 2 maneuvering x 2 non-maneuvering Warm-up set (Stud Choice)
Butterfly Sets
2 circle / 1 circle demo (Fighter sets 2cir out of plane nose low, Bandit level across horizon for 360deg then break down into fighter before merge. At merge, Fighter IP demos out of plane (>45 deg nose high) 1 circle flow until offensive role established)
2 circle do
1 circle do
Abeam
BVR

23. Emergencies Ground Emergencies Abort Rwy Dep / Gnd Ejection
Radio/ICS failure
Loss of Navaids
Lost Plane / Lost Sight
System Failures
Disorientation
Bird strike/ Midair
SAR procedures
Ejection

24. Training Rules
ADMIN
BRIEF DEPARTURE/SPIN, COMPRESSOR STALL PROCEDURES, AND CURRENCY – All in flight have flown: 1 in 6 and 2 in 14 (<750 hrs), or 1 in 14 and 2 in 30 (>750 hrs)
FACE-TO-FACE BRIEF OF ALL MANEUVERS FOR ALL PARTICIPANTS.
ACM WILL BE CONDUCTED IN AN AUTHORIZED AREA ONLY FROM 30 MIN AFTER SUNRISE TO 30 MIN PRIOR TO SUNSET.
ACM WX MINS:
5 miles visibility with a defined horizon.
11K’ between broken/overcast layers.
1 NM horizontally and 2K’ vertically from all clouds.
ACM may be conducted above broken/overcast layer provided the highest layer is below 7K’ AGL for solo events and 8K’AGL for dual events. The flight lead will then establish the hard deck 5K’ above that layer and all A/C will acknowledge the new hard deck.
HARD DECK SHALL BE 10,000 FT AGL MIMIMUM.
SOFT SHALL BE 5,000 FT ABOVE THE HARD DECK.
No sustained low speed/high AOA maneuvering (less than 120 knots AND more than 24 units) below the soft deck.
ALL AIRCRAFT MUST HAVE OPERABLE UHF AND ICS (MULTI-CREW) AND MONITOR GUARD.
CONFIGURATION CHANGES OTHER THAN SPEED BRAKES ARE NOT AUTHORIZED.
“G” AWARENESS MANEUVER REQUIRED PRIOR TO ACM.
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
MAINTAIN A 500’ BUBBLE AROUND ALL AIRCRAFT.
ALWAYS ASSUME THE OTHER AIRCRAFT DOES NOT SEE YOU.
MAINTAIN THE ESTABLISHED TREND ON HEAD TO HEAD PASSES. WHEN NO TREND EXISTS, EACH AIRCRAFT SHALL GIVE WAY TO THE RIGHT FOR A LEFT-TO-LEFT PASS. TRANSMIT YOUR OWN INTENTIONS.
LOW AIRCRAFT IN A HORIZONTAL SCISSORS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SAFE SEPARATION. NOSE HIGH GOES HIGH, NOSE LOW HAS COLLISION AVOIDANCE RESPONSIBILITY. TRANSMIT YOUR OWN INTENTIONS.
COLLISION AVOIDANCE (continued)
NEVER INTENTIONALLY MANEUVER TO LOSE SIGHT (NO BLIND LEAD TURNS).
IF LOST SIGHT, TRANSMIT “BLIND” AND REMAIN PREDICTABLE. OTHER AIRCRAFT SHALL ACKNOWLEDGE WITH “CONTINUE” OR ‘KNOCK-IT-OFF” AS APPROPRIATE, PROVIDING DIRECTIVE COMM AS NECESSARY FOR SAFETY OF FLIGHT. ONCE SIGHT IS REGAINED, TRANSMIT “TALLY.”
UP-SUN AIRCRAFT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR COLLISION AVOIDANCE. IF DOWN-SUN AIRCRAFT LOSES SIGHT, BREAK OFF THE ATTACK, TURN AWAY FROM PREDICTED COLLISION BEARING AND BROADCAST “BLIND, SUN.” UP-SUN AIRCRAFT SHALL ACKNOWLEDGE WITH EITHER “CONTINUE” OR “KNOCK-IT-OFF” CALL.
BREAK OFF ALL GUN ATTACKS AT 1,000’, NO FORWARD QUARTER GUN ATTACKS (45 deg of target nose). CNATRA WEAPONS ENVELOPES APPLY.
TERRAIN AVOIDANCE
IN A DESCENDING FIGHT, THE OFFENSIVE (HIGH) AIRCRAFT SHALL MONITOR THE DEFENSIVE (LOW) AIRCRAFT’S ALTITUDE, ATTITUDE AND AIRSPEED AND BREAK OFF THE ATTACK PRIOR TO PUSHING THE DEFENSIVE AIRCRAFT THROUGH THE HARD DECK.
TERMINATION
ANYONE CAN CALL A “KNOCK-IT-OFF.” EACH AIRCRAFT SHALL TERMINATE THE ENGAGEMENT, MANEUVER TO SAFETY AND ACKNOWLEDGE WITH THEIR OWN “KNOCK-IT-OFF.” WATCH OUT FOR THE MID-AIR POTENTIAL FOLLOWING A “KNOCK-IT-OFF”.
KNOCK-IT-OFF FOR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:
Any training rule is violated.
Interloper (unbriefed A/C) enters the engagement area.
Any OCF flight situation develops.
G-LOC experienced or suspected. (Aircrew shall RTB).
Radio failure/loss of ICS. An aircraft rocking wings is an automatic “knock-It-off.”
Bingo fuel state is reached
Dangerous situation/loss of situational awareness/inadvertent IMC/possible overstress.
Training objectives have been reached.
Engaged aircraft crosses the border of the authorized training area.

25. Questions ?

26. STANDARD DEBRIEFING FORMAT
The Flight Lead or Pilot-in-Command is responsible for ensuring all flight or crewmembers are thoroughly debriefed on the conduct of the mission utilizing the “S-P-B-E-MS-LL” format outlined below. (Refer to the CTW-1/CTW-2 Expanded Debriefing Guide for specific objectives).
Safety
Planning
Brief
Execution
Mission Success
Lessons Learned

27. Out of Plane Maneuvering
Only significant when greater than 45° relative to Bandit’s current Plane of Motion (not necessarily the horizon).
- Buys delayed reaction from Bandit
- Best way to initiate 1cir flow (give examples of
less effective ways)
- Uncountered OOP maneuver can quickly be
translated into a significant positional
advantage.
- Immediately recognize bandit counter or
uncountered maneuvers.
- If we see a bandit level we should
1) anticipate a deck transition (or)
2) Look to employ weapons and kill

28. Lift Vector Placement Side view
Without proper LV placement, you won’t gain any significant offensive advantage using an OOP maneuver (as shown).
- When going OOP, place LV on to in front of bandit….look to kill / pressure bandit.
Uncountered?
- LV on, then aft to drive to Control Zone.
Countered?
- Take advantage of turning room / angles gained at next High Aspect merge.

29. Airspeed Excursions Keeping 300-330kts not the focus
Critical elements:
1) Intelligent trade off. Willing to bleed to do whatever it takes to accomplish objectives
#1 obj = Kill bandit!
Bandit trying to kill you? Take out turning room
Create turning room
2) When time comes, max perform aircraft
3) Regain energy efficiently at every opportunity
Examples:
* Gain turning room for ourselves
Both nose high, bleed - evaluate – unload & regain energy to set merge that will be advantageous (nose high vs. nose low).
* Pulling below rate numbers to employ gun (only when bandit in HUD).

30. Controlling Merges Keys Turning Room
Not one magic move, but a series of well planned and executed moves over time will defeat poor BFM.
Turning Room
Set the merge to create turning room
If plan to go nose high, then aggressively dig to the lower inside corner and set the flow
Early turn the bandit through the vertical
Bandit reverses and goes nose high too - turn radius advantage
Bandit counters nose low – greater angles from early turn

31. Vertical Merges Which fighter would you rather be?
Drive the vertical merge to your advantage
Fighter going down – Gravity working against you
- Float over the top
- Force bandit up to you
Decreases his uphill energy
Make merge happen horizontal
Fighter going up – Gravity working for you
- Force bandit down with nose pressure
- Make slight check turn away to keep sight as you begin early turn prior to merge. Use “God’s G” (smaller turn radius) to help bring nose around in the oblique towards bandit.

32. Overshoots in the Vertical
Note fighter turns in front of post, takes snapshot, and retains offensive advantage.
Unlike horizontal maneuvering, bandit can’t reverse to take advantage of the overshoot due to his low energy state.
Per Training Rules, be
careful not to take shots
forward of the 3-9 line!

33. In-Plane Flow 1 circle 2 circle - Radius fight - Rate Fight
Fighters vying for control of same turn circle, min separation
- Easier to keep sight / employ weapons
- Rate Fight
Fighters in own turn circle trying to rate around faster than opponent.
Difficult to keep sight / employ weapons

34. Fighter Nose High

35. Fighter Nose Low

36. Fighter Turns Level