1. Chapter 13: Urbanization
Creating Livable Cities

2. Urbanization
it is the shift from rural living forming cities and towns.
arguably the single greatest change since transitioning from a nomadic hunter-gatherer becoming sedentary people introducing agriculture to our way of life.

3. Industrialization
overproduction of agricultural goods lead to the specialization of professions
leading to:
class structure
political hierarchies
urban centers
positive feedback: better technology= more and better paid jobs= more migration to the cities

4. Population in Developing Countries (2005-2007)

5. Geography of Urban Areas
Factors:
climate
topography
waterways
location, location, location
major river (Mississippi, Hudson, Ohio, Colorado)
sea coast (Gulf Coast)
railroad or highway
trading corridor (I-35)

6. To the Suburbs 1950's Pros more space economic opportunities
cheaper real estate
less crime
better schools

7. Cons human impact on the environment longer commute need of car
congested traffic
pollution
lack of green space
health
land use
costs of infrastructure

8. DFW 1990

9. DFW 2000

10. DFW 2009

11. DFW 2014

12. Sprawl
"spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from an urban center."
causes for sprawl
number of people
highways- more people migrate
technology (internet)- can work from home
preference to space and privacy vs crowdedness
per capital land consumption
larger homes
larger cars
larger "stuff" like electric and electronic gadgets

13. Creating Livable Cities
city planning
parks and playgrounds
neighborhood conditions
traffic
mapping of railroads, bus lines and such

14. regional planning same principles but in a much larger scale zoning
metroplex
zoning

15. Urban Growth Boundaries (UGB)
intended to limit sprawl
contains future growth within already existing urbanized areas limiting costs of infrastructure
it can be adjusted according to needs

16. Pros revitalizes downtown
preserves ecosystem: restoration via parks and reserves
protects farms and industry already there
ensures access to open spaces near city
"building up"
employment increased

17. Cons costs of housing are increasing density increases
size of lots/houses decrease

18. New Urbanism
designs neighborhoods with house, school, buisnesses and amenities close together
mimic the traditional urban layout that existed before the creation of suburbs
very dependant on public transportation

19. Smart Growth consists of building up, not out
Smart Growth
consists of building up, not out
develops existing communities
multistory shopping center and housing buildings
Addison Circle
mass transit is vital
cheaper, cleaner, efficient
predictable, fair and cost-effective spending
parks and open spaces
community collaboration in city development

20. Urban Sustainability urbanization has positive and negative impacts
depends on
use of resources: cities are "resource sinks"
production of goods: inefficient
material transportation: inefficient
waste: more consumption= more waste

21. Pollution some are exported waste air pollutants
some water & soil pollutants

22. noise pollution highways light pollution San Diego L.A.
wwwastro.caltech.edu/palomar
noise pollution
highways
light pollution
San Diego
L.A.
Night view panorama from Palomar observatory

23. Innovation promoting education, technology and scientific research
renewable energy
pollution reduction
local and organic produce
recycling programs
environmentally friendly technologies
tax incentives (cash for clunkers)
waste recycling
THE END