1. Learning How to Learn in Medical Education Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman MD, DPHC, ABFM, AF, MHSc (MEd) Associate Professor of Family Medicine Vice Dean for Postgraduate & Medical Education College of Medicine, King Saud University

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3. 3 “ Medicine is not taught by a faculty but is learned by one ’ s own efforts, and the teaching is a question of stimulating each student instead of spoon-feeding him ” Willard Rappleye The head of the commission on ME for the AAMC in 1932

4. 4 What makes you learn better in medicine?

5. 5 1- تطوير المكتبه وتحديثها وجعل وقت متاح للاستفاده منها 1- تطوير المكتبه وتحديثها وجعل وقت متاح للاستفاده منها 2- حب المهنه 2- حب المهنه 3- تحسين البيئه التعليمية وتشمل الطالب واعضاء التدريس 3- تحسين البيئه التعليمية وتشمل الطالب واعضاء التدريس 4- التاكيد على الجانب السريري والعملي 4- التاكيد على الجانب السريري والعملي 5- استخدام التقنيه في التدريب والتعليم الطبي 5- استخدام التقنيه في التدريب والتعليم الطبي 6- مختبر المهارات السريريه 6- مختبر المهارات السريريه 7- تطوير المهارات التدريسيه لاعضاء التدريس والتركيز على مشاركة الطلاب 7- تطوير المهارات التدريسيه لاعضاء التدريس والتركيز على مشاركة الطلاب 8- الاستفادة من الخبرات الاجنبيه 8- الاستفادة من الخبرات الاجنبيه

6. 6 Learning styles of medical students People differ in the way they prefer to learn

7. 7 For example, first week in college of medicine, you ask someone where is the medical library, would you prefer the person to: say 'go down this way, take the second turning on the left, turn right at the next round about,....' ? say 'go down this way, take the second turning on the left, turn right at the next round about,....' ? say 'it's on the north side of the building just beside biochemistry lab, in the first flour', say 'it's on the north side of the building just beside biochemistry lab, in the first flour', take you there? take you there?

8. 8 Some people learn serially and prefer step-by-step guidance. Some people learn serially and prefer step-by-step guidance. Others are more holistic and prefer to have (or build for themselves) 'the big picture'. Others are more holistic and prefer to have (or build for themselves) 'the big picture'. Some people like pictures. Some people like pictures. Others prefer words. Others prefer words. And some people learn best by doing things. And some people learn best by doing things.

9. 9 It's useful for students to be aware of their own preferred learning styles, because: 1. they will know what type of learning process will make learning easier for them 2. they will become aware of other learning processes they are not taking full advantage of 3. you may need to do less work catering for their various learning styles if they can find their own ways of adjusting to yours.

10. 10 Honey and Mumford Model 1.The activist 2.The pragmatist 3.The theorist 4.The reflector

11. 11 The activist prefers to learn by doing, to work things out 'on the hoof'. The activist prefers to learn by doing, to work things out 'on the hoof'. The pragmatist is interested in what works, what gives results. The pragmatist is interested in what works, what gives results. The theorist prefers to have a conceptual framework to make sense of new information. The theorist prefers to have a conceptual framework to make sense of new information. The reflector likes to absorb information and think about it. The reflector likes to absorb information and think about it.

12. 12 main page applications theory information reflector theoristpragmatist activist activities

13. 13 theory information activities applications transfer skill understand, structure experience inform practice ‘activist’ approach

14. 14 theory information activities applications practice skills find out how find out why ‘pragmatist’ approach

15. 15 ‘theorist’ approach theory (concepts) information (facts) activities applications and uses use test enrich

16. 16 theory information activities applications structure information apply information test in practice ‘reflector’ approach

17. 17 activities applications theory information main page links

18. 18 The Learning Cycle Change Unconscious Incompetence Conscious Incompetence Learning Conscious Competence Unconscious Competence Mastery Awareness The Learning Cycle

19. 19 SkillsTaskLevel - Reading - Listening - Observing Gathering, encoding & comprehending information I. Knowledge -Memorizing-Problem-Solving-Communicating Using knowledge to gain new knowledge & solve problems II. Application -Analyzing needs -Development goals -Identifying methods -Self-evaluation Planning & implementing Self-directed learning III. Self Instruction

20. 20 Reading effectively & efficiently Reading effectively & efficiently * plan * preview for meaning * focused reading * review Listening & taking notes Listening & taking notes Learning by doing Learning by doing

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23. 23 So, What are learning styles? Learning styles are simply different approaches or ways of learning Learning styles are simply different approaches or ways of learning

24. 24 Visual Learners: These learners need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of a lesson. These learners need to see the teacher's body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of a lesson. They tend to prefer sitting at the front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions (e.g. people's heads). They tend to prefer sitting at the front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions (e.g. people's heads). They may think in pictures and learn best from visual displays including: diagrams, illustrated text books, overhead transparencies, videos, flipcharts and hand-outs. They may think in pictures and learn best from visual displays including: diagrams, illustrated text books, overhead transparencies, videos, flipcharts and hand-outs. During a lecture or classroom discussion, visual learners often prefer to take detailed notes to absorb the information. During a lecture or classroom discussion, visual learners often prefer to take detailed notes to absorb the information. learn through seeing...

25. 25 Auditory Learners: They learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say. They learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say. Auditory learners interpret the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other nuances. Auditory learners interpret the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other nuances. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard. These learners often benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape recorder. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard. These learners often benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape recorder. learn through listening...

26. 26 Tactile/Kinesthetic Learners: Tactile/Kinesthetic persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world around them. Tactile/Kinesthetic persons learn best through a hands-on approach, actively exploring the physical world around them. They may find it hard to sit still for long periods and may become distracted by their need for activity and exploration. They may find it hard to sit still for long periods and may become distracted by their need for activity and exploration. learn through, moving, doing and touching...

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