1. Remote sensing for Earth observation Dr Nigel Trodd Coventry University

2. What is remote sensing? remote sensing has been described as the means of sensing or measuring things (characteristics) without coming into direct contact with the object or phenomenon

3. What is Earth observation? observing our planet is a pre-requisite to a better understanding of its changes and the natural and anthropogenic processes that cause those changes

4. Aim & objectives To understand remote sensing as a source of geodata for mapping & monitoring the Earth Examine the role of remote sensing for Earth observation Exemplify aspects of the geodata stream

5. What are the principles of remote sensing? 1.Source of electromagnetic radiation 2.Interaction with target 3.Measurement by sensor mounted on platform

6. Multispectral reflectance

7. EMR sources Active remote sensing Artificial source of EMR Radar Lidar Passive remote sensing Natural source of EMR Sun (primary source for optical RS) EMR emitted from Earth surface

8. What properties can be measured? PassiveActive Albedo Reflectance @ visible & NIR wavelengths Temperature MIR, Thermal & Microwave emissions Height (relative) Stereo- photogrammetry Radar altimetry Lidar

9. albedo

10. Climate change due to reduced snow albedo caused by soot

11. EOS Aqua AMSR-E SST Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer

12. Global DEM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 2000

13. What GI can be generated? Extracting features e.g. buildings, roads Land cover / land use classification Estimation of biophysical properties e.g. biomass, ice-thaw

15. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia

16. QuikSCAT Seawinds scatterometer Alaska 2000

17. What preparation is necessary? Cosmetic infilling of saturated pixels & drop-outs Radiometric balancing (destriping) & sensor calibration Atmospheric correction

18. How do you integrate images into a spatial database? Georeferencing Plane projection Local datum & coordinate system Co-registration Rubber-sheet transformation Nearest neighbour resampling

19. Orthorectification Topography DN pixel geometry foreshortening

20. Remote sensing generates 2D & 2.5D GI products … at local to global scales using optical & microwave EMR Summary & conclusions Images for Earth observation require error detection & elimination calibration & georegistration