1. Ethical Considerations

2. Stakeholders Environment Humans health communities employees Animals Suppliers

3. Retail Value In 2006, the retail value of the US beef industry was $71 billion US broiler was $41 billion US pork was $38 billion In 2009, the egg industry was valued at $6 billion Select corporations: Tyson, Smithfield, ConAgra, Contigroup, and Seaboard Corporation.

4. Factory Farms

5. Environmental concerns

6. Deforestation

7. Water Pollution Tyson, world’s largest producer of chicken meat, dumped wastewater from its poultry plant in Edalia, Missouri in a tributary of the Lamine River. They paid $7.5 million in fines.

8. Climate Change According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, animal agribusiness is responsible for 18%, or nearly one-fifth, of human- induced greenhouse gas emissions, more than all the world’s transportation sector. “Given the amount of energy consumed raising, shipping, and selling livestock, a 16 oz. steak is like a Hummer on a plate.” (Time Magazine 2007)

9. Communities Lower property values Environmental racism The poorest areas throughout North Carolina have 18 times more hog farms than the wealthiest areas. (Handout, 5) Residents can suffer from the effects of related air pollution such as skin and eye irritation, coughing, asthma headaches and sleep loss. (Handout, 7)

10. Human Health Antibiotic Resistance 83% of all chicken meat (including organic and antibiotic-free brands) is infected with either campylobacter or salmonella at the time of purchase (Foer, 139). E. coli Virus mutations (e.g. avian flu, H1N1).

11. Employees 71% of the farmers who work under contract for Tyson (world’s largest chicken producer) earn below poverty-level wages (Handout, 6). Farmer autonomy? Pressures to go big

12. Slaughterhouse Workers

13. Animals 10 billion animals per year In the US, there is no federal law governing the welfare of farmed animals while on farms. Federal protections apply to transportation methods and slaughterhouse practices only (Singer 45).

14. Gestation Crates

15. Egg Layers: Battery Cages and Male Chicks

16. Broilers Chickens raised for meat consumption. Americans eat 150 times as many chickens as we did only 80 years ago. Genetically designed to grow quickly.

17. Cattle

18. The Killing Floor

19. Today the killing line for chickens typically moves at 90 birds per minute (Singer 26). 180 million are improperly slaughtered each year (Foer, 133) Inspectors have 2 seconds for each bird

20. Recap Environmental damage Sustainable? Communities Social justice? Human health Long term consequences? Employees Welfare and rights? Animals Welfare and compassion?

21. Where to we go from here? Proposition 2 (2008)

22. Leading the way

23. Veganism is a $2.8 billion market Wide Circle Vegan Investment Fund http://widecriclefund. http://widecriclefund com Drivers of future growth: Environment Public health Ethics

24. Companies that sell vegan products Archer Daniels Midland (NYSE: ADM) Dean Foods (NYSE: DF) Kellogg Company (NYSE: K) Kraft (NYSE: KFT) The Kroger Company (NYSE: KR) Tofutti Brands (AMEX: TOF) Whole Foods Markey, Inc. (NASDAQ: WFMI)

25. What can we do? Eat less meat Impact legislation Tell others Go vegetarian/vegan Support organizations