1. Prioritize Contaminated Sites With a Known Release and a Pathway That Poses the Greatest Threat of Exposure  Pathways to surface water Freshwater wetlands, rivers, lakes Coastal marine, estuaries, inter-tidal wetlands  Pathways to air Indoor residential Other  Pathways to groundwater Large potable drinking waster sources Other  Advantages/Disadvantages Risk-based approach that addresses both human health and ecological risks Non-specific ranking approach  Other Considerations State input Public Input Sensitive or economically important ecosystems

2. Typical Industry-Sector Chemicals  Mining – heavy metals  Petroleum – hydrocarbons  Manufacturing – heavy metals, solvents  Energy – heavy metals, hydrocarbons, solvents  Transport – hydrocarbons, solvents  Agriculture – pesticides, organic wastes  Landfill – metals, solvents, pesticides  Look for patterns: Chemical types and concentrations, Fate and transport behavior, Similarities landscape  Creating industry-sector groupings maximizes opportunity to create templates/programs:  assessments,  presumptive remedies  Advantages/disadvantages: Potential misses, but typically small risk Expedite progress, thus overall prevents risks Saves resources by being more effective Manage Remediation Based On Industry Sector Chemicals There are a lot of chemicals: Decide which ones are at levels that pose a concern

3.  Petroleum Refineries, Chemical-processing, Manufacturing  Above and Underground Storage Tanks  Federal/state owners/operators Oil production Airports Railroads Harbors  Mining Heavy metals Erosion control Manage Remediation Based on Industry-Sector Create sub-lists based on patterns of Behavior or Industry Sector Activity Interim listing: Place a facility on notice if there is a potential concern based on exposure pathways and chemicals being used Final listing: List a facility if you obtain information that affirms your concern

4. Promote Early Risk Reduction and Site Stabilization at All Contaminated Sites  Immediate (Emergency) Response Chemical or oil spills Other chemical releases  Near-term Risk Reduction-Stabilization Measures Provide alternative drinking water Place a secure barrier Remove wastes posing the highest risks Permanently or temporarily move people  Begin working on long-term cleanup remedy, concurrently or after risk reduction or stabilization is done

5. Promote Early Risk Reduction and Site Stabilization at All Contaminated Sites  Early risk reduction and site stabilization measures Expedite management of “glaring” risks. Government has more flexibility to make decisions.  Long-term Remedial Actions Require a base-line risk assessment and an assessment of how the proposed remedies reduce or eliminate risk based on a variety of criteria. Requires greater investment of resources to formulate and implement, often requiring long-term monitoring. Requires a more formal decision-making process Consider land-end use and promote land revitalization

6. Border 2012 Program Binational Guidance on Contaminated Site Clean-up and Revitalization  Process for Cleanup and Revitalization: Establish objectives and a decision-making framework; Consider interim and final cleanup needs; Optimize reuse through economic incentives and legal protections for redevelopment; Provide for early and meaningful public participation. Waste Policy Forum – draft final work in progress

7. Promote Early Risk Reduction & Site Stabilization Actions SEMARNAT is Already Using This Risk Management Approach Metales y Derivados  Lead battery recycling smelter  US owner, operated 1986- 1994, abandoned  7000 -10,000 tons lead- waste  Industrial zone