1. What makes us smart? Or not so smart?
Intelligence
What makes us smart?
Or not so smart?

2. How do we Assess Intelligence? use program 16
Alfred Binet set out to figure out a concept called a mental age (what a person of a particular age should know).
He discovered that by discovering someone’s mental age they can predict future performance (motivation?).
Hoped they could use test to the French educational system.

3. Lewis Terman Adapted Binet’s tests for use in the United States
The test reported intelligence as a calculated IQ score
Called the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

4. Terman and his IQ Test
Used Binet’s research to construct the modern day IQ test called the Stanford-Binet Test.
IQ=Mental age/Chronological age X 100.
A 8 year old has a mental age of 10, what is her IQ?
A 12 year old has the mental age of 9, what is his IQ?
A boy has the mental age of 10 and an IQ of 200, how old is he?

5. Theories of Intelligence
No one real definition
Fluid versus Crystallized Intelligence
4 main theoretical concepts of intelligence….

6. Psychometric Theories of Intelligence
Crystallized intelligence – The knowledge a person has acquired, plus the ability to access that knowledge
Fluid intelligence – The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

7. Charles Spearman and his G factor http://education-portal
Used factor analysis and discovered that what we see as many different skills is actually one General Intelligence.
If you are good at one subject you are usually good at many others.
Jack Bauer is good at torturing, bomb defusing, shooting, figuring out evil plots and saving the country (and he is good looking). Is there anything he cannot do?

8. Multiple Intelligences Gardner. Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner disagreed with Spearman’s g and instead came up with the concept of multiple intelligences.
He came up with the idea by studying savants (a condition where a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in one area). MaJ-wZmQ

9. Howard Gardner and Multiple Intelligences Battle of the Brains-50 min
Howard Gardner and Multiple Intelligences Battle of the Brains-50 min.questions in APSI folder
Gardner believed that there exists at least 7 different types of intelligences.
Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Body-kinesthetic
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist

10. Robert Sternberg and his Triarchic Theory
Most commonly accepted theory today.
Three types of intelligence
Creative
Analytical
Practical

11. Goleman and delayed gratification
Emotional Intelligence
Interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences.
Maybe EQ is a better predictor for future success than IQ.
American example

12. Normal Curve

13. Normal Curve

14. Normal Curve

15. Normal Curve

16. Normal Curve

17. Normal Curve

18. Normal Distribution
go back

19. How do we construct an Intelligence Test? reliability and validity
Standardized: the questions have been piloted on similar populations and the scores fall on a normal distribution.
Reliable: Test-Retest, Split-halves Methods.
Validity: Content, Predictive or Construct.

20. Types of Tests Aptitude Achievement Measure ability or potential.
Tests that measure what you have learned.

21. Does Intelligence Change Over Time?
By age 3, a child’s IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores.
Depends on the type of intelligence, crystallized or fluid.

22. Wechsler Tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) consists of 11 subtests and cues us in to strengths by using…..
Factor Analysis
WISC(Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)

24. go back

25. Intelligence Extremes
LOW
HIGH
Mental Retardation (IQ below 70)
Only about 1% of humans
More males than females
Studies have shown that they are well-adjusted
Some are more isolated, introverted, etc.

26. Creativity and Intelligence http://education-portal

28. Brain Size and Intelligence Is there a link?
Small +.15 correlation between head size and intelligence scores (relative to body size).
Using an MRI we found +.44 correlation with brain size and IQ score.

29. Brain Function and Intelligence
Higher performing brains are less active than lower performing brains (use less glucose).
Neurological speed is also a bit quicker.

30. Heritability
Khan Academy

31. Heritability

32. Heritability

33. Heritability

34. Heritability

35. Heritability Conclusion? Nature vs. Nurture
Identical Twins reared apart have more similar IQ than Fraternal Twins reared together
Fraternal Twins reared together have more similar IQ than other types of siblings reared together.
Siblings reared together have more similar IQ than unrelated individuals reared together
Correlation between parent/child diminished amongst non-biological parent/child with age.
Conclusion?
Genetics and Environment play a factor
The extent to which each affects intelligence varies with individual situations

36. The Flynn Effect