1. 111 112 CONIFERS AND OAKS

2. 28 29 80 88

3. 120 81 84

4. 28 30 31 Picea pungens (Blue Spruce) Picea engelmannii (Engelmann Spruce)

5. 81 82 PINACEAE: Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir) 394’ Tall? 415’ Tall?

6. PINACEAE: Abies concolor (White Fir) 83 84 85 Needles > 3 cm

7. 86 87 PINACEAE: Abies arizonica (Corkbark Fir) Needles < 2.5 cm

8. 88 89 PINACEAE: Abies arizonica (Corkbark Fir)

9. 90 89 91 92 White Pine Subgroup Yellow Pine Subgroup

10. WHITE PINE GROUP

11. 93 92 94 95 Pinus strobiformis (Southwestern White Pine) Pinus flexilis (Limber Pine)

12. Pinus strobiformisPinus flexilis Needles/Fascicle: Foliage Color: Bark Texture: Stomata Location Distribution: Scales:

13. 42 PINACEAE: Pinus aristata 98

14. 100 PINACEAE: Pinus aristata (Bristlecone Pine) 101

15. 38 PINACEAE: Pinus edulis (Two-Needle Pinon Pine) 39

16. 102 Pinus edulis var. fallax (One-Needle Pinon Pine)

17. 41 PINACEAE: Pinus cembroides (Mexican Pinon Pine) 97

18. YELLOW PINE GROUP

19. 103 104 PINACEAE: Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa Pine)

20. 105 106 Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica

21. 33 PINACEAE: Pinus leiophylla (Chihuahua Pine)

22. 34 35 PINACEAE: Pinus leiophylla (Chihuahua Pine)

23. 40 PINACEAE: Pinus engelmannii (Apache Pine) 107 Needles 24-36 mm

24. 22 23 CUPRESSACEAE: Juniperus scopulorum (Rocky Mountain Juniper)

25. 2 4 CUPRESSACEAE: Juniperus monosperma (One-Seed Juniper)

26. 1 2 3 Juniperus monosperma (One-Seed Juniper) 4

27. 8 9 CUPRESSACEAE: Juniperus deppeana (Alligator Juniper)

28. 16 17 24 J. deppeana J. monosperma J. scopulorum

29. 108 CUPRESSACEAE: Juniperus osteosperma (Utah Juniper) 109

30. 130 CUPRESSACEAE: Juniperus communis (Ground Juniper) 131

31. 21 CUPRESSACEAE: Juniperus communis (Ground Juniper) 4

32. 20 19 Juniperus pinchotti (Redberry Juniper) Juniperus coahuilensis (Roseberry Juniper) (formerly, “Q. erythrocarpa”)

33. Juniperus pinchotti (Redberry Juniper) Juniperus coahuilensis (Roseberry Juniper)

34. 113 114 Quercus

35. 119 120 121 Quercus

36. A) OAKS WITH OBVIOUSLY LOBED LEAVES Q. havardiiQ. gambelii

37. 112 114 FAGACEAE: Quercus gambelii (Gambel’s Oak)

38. FAGACEAE: Quercus havardii (Havard Shin Oak) 133 134 135

39. B) OAKS WITH OBVIOUSLY TOOTHED LEAVES Q. muehlenbergii Q. emoryi Q. turbinella

40. 117 FAGACEAE: Quercus muehlenbergi (Chinkapin Oak) 115 123

41. FAGACEAE: Quercus muehlenbergi (Chinkapin Oak) 122 124 125 Milford Texas NM?

42. 49 50 FAGACEAE: Quercus emoryi (Emory Oak)

43. 46 47 48 FAGACEAE: Quercus turbinella (Scrub Live Oak)

44. C) OAKS WITH LEAVES ENTIRE OR WITH WIDELY SCATTERED TEETH Q. hypoleucoides Q. rugosa Q. arizonica Q. grisea Q. oblongifolia

45. 51 52 FAGACEAE: Quercus hypoleucoides (Silver-Leaf Oak)

46. 125 FAGACEAE: Quercus rugosa (Netleaf Oak) 136

47. 43 44 45 FAGACEAE: Quercus grisea (Gray Oak) Leaves 1.0 – 4.0 cm in length (Average: < 3.5 cm)

48. 53 FAGACEAE: Quercus arizonica (Arizona Oak) 126 Leaves 3.0 – 12.0 cm in length (Average: > 3.5 cm)

49. 127 FAGACEAE: Quercus arizonica (Arizona Oak) 128

50. 54 FAGACEAE: Quercus oblongifolia (Mexican Blue Oak) 136

51. Q. hypoleucoides Q. arizonica Q. grisea Q. emoryi Q. turbinella

52. Pinus cembroides Quercus arizonica Quercus oblongifolia Juniperus deppeana Pinus ponderosa var. arizonica Pinus leiophylla Pinus engelmannii Juniperus coahuilensis

53. Pinus aristatus 108 109 Juniperus osteosperma 94 Pinus flexilis

54. Q. muehlenbergii Q. havardii Q. pinchotii

55. 1 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/j/wjumo--co14697.jpg 3 http://www.cerrilloshills.org/nature/images/juni1m.jpg 2 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/image/j/jumo--brlarge14710.htm 4 http://www.nazflora.org/Juniperus%20osteosperma%20juv%20fol%20detail.jpg 5 http://egov.oregon.gov/ODF/AGENCY_AFFAIRS/images/Juniper_prescribed_burn.jpg 7 http://parks.state.co.us/NR/rdonlyres/E7CFCAEF-E902-464E-9DCB-5C91F86F 1AFF/0/PinonJuniperGL_1024w2.jpg 6 http://165.234.175.12/photos/Pathology/steam%20stump.jpg 8 http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/alligatorjuniper1.jpg 9 http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/alligatorjuniper5.jpg 10 http://lh5.ggpht.com/__vRORUMFZOU/SDsU_-_OguI/AAAAAAAAAzo/ HcjdM7aHOBU/IMG_5127.JPG 11 http://www.rci-nv.com/reports/storey/images/fig9-4-3.jpg

56. 12 http://uvalde.tamu.edu/herbarium/final/jupi_resprout.jpg 13 http://www.fs.fed.us/r4/dixie/fire/Cedar_Web/Cedar_City_Files/Real_Logo.jpg 14 bp0.blogger.com/.../s320/11.17.7+Eagle-bed.gif 15 http://www.rainbowgallerysedona.com/images/alligator_juniper_furniture_x06.jpg 16 http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/deppeana1.gif 17 http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/monosperma1.gif 18 http://www.scienceviews.com/photo/browse/SIA0338.jpg 19 http://plants.usda.gov/gallery/standard/juco11_001_shp.jpg 20 http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/junpin/fruit.jpg 21 http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/74/10574-004-A8463037.jpg 22 http://www.wildflower.org/image_archive/320x240/PCD3934/PCD3934_ IMG0024.JPG 23 http://www.gilaflora.com/ 24 http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/scopulorum1.gif

57. 25 http://www.bahcesel.com/photosel/data/580/Picea_Pungens_mavi_ladin.jpg 26 http://www.conps.org/images/Botanical%20Slide%20Shows/Parry/Picea-pungens -2.jpg 27 http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/files/images/Figure%204.preview.jpg 28 http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/diseases/nursery/images/full_images/fig94.jpg 29 http://www.nearctica.com/trees/conifer/picea/Pengel11.jpg 30 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpien--lf42640.jpg 31 http://i42.photobucket.com/albums/e307/ospreynn/ruidoso2/DSC02702.jpg 32 http://www.conifers.org/pi/pic/e1.jpg 33 http://www.karavla.com/sitebuilder/images/402px-Pinus_pinaster-396x361.jpg 34 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/pilec.htm 35 http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/earle/pi/pin/leiophylla1.jpg

58. 37 bp3.blogger.com/_Yp6BMBZ4TFs/Rv1H-ohW2aI/AAAA... 38 http://www.nazflora.org/Pinus%20edulis%20cone%20w%20seeds%202%2014 Sep04%20136p%20675x.jpg 39 http://www.delange.org/PinePinyon/Dsc00057.jpg 40 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpien2-wp14571.jpg 41 http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/BigBend/BB0169.jpg 42 http://gardenwebs.net/Pinus.aristata.jpg 43 http://i.pbase.com/o6/95/398095/1/84598878.APkY5Xo8.Acorns7488.jpg 44 http://www.gilaflora.com/ 45 http://www.uark.edu/blueoak/photos/04-05-29_hastings_reservation054.jpg 46 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Quercus_turbinella _2.jpg/250px-Quercus_turbinella_2.jpg 47 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/ scruboak1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/scruboak.html&h=480&w=640&sz=77&hl=en&start=4&um=1&usg=__h_sP5KGVmlHYj7xg--62Ux2_cpU=&tbnid=KOSxoiTWrJIQAM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DQuercus%2Bturbinella%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR,GGLR:2006-17,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN

59. 48 http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.naturesongs.com/ vvplants/scruboak1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/scruboak. html&h=480&w=640&sz=77&hl=en&start=4&um=1&usg=__h_sP5KGVmlHYj7 xg62Ux2_cpU=&tbnid=KOSxoiTWrJIQAM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images %3Fq%3DQuercus%2Bturbinella%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLR, GGLR:2006-17,GGLR:en%26sa%3DN 49 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Quercus_emoryi.jpg 50 http://www.delange.org/OakEmory/OakEmory.htm 51 http://www.sunnygardens.com/images/2045.jpg 52 http://www.explorenm.com/plants/Fagaceae/Quercus/hypoleucoides/03/acorn_8296.jpg 53 http://www.sportsfun.com/AZHikingGallery/rogerscanyon_110704/IMG_0418_t.jpg 54 http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/natives/trees/Quercusobl3899.jpg 55 http://www.jfschmidt.com/catalogphotos/0708BR/p52_chinkapin.jpg 56 http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/quehav/leaves.jpg

60. 57 http://www.gilaflora.com/ 58 http://www.gilaflora.com 59 http://www.gilaflora.com 61 http://botany.cs.tamu.edu/FLORA/BigBend/BB0242.jpg 60 http://www.gilaflora.com 62 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/White%20Enlarged%20Photos/2amal2.jpg 63 http://www.presentdaymountainman.com/mediac/400_0/media/ WESTERN$20SERVICEBERRY$20COPYRIGHT.jpg 64 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/White%20Enlarged%20Photos/2amutu.jpg 65 http://fireflyforest.net/firefly/2005/06/29/skunkbush-sumac/ 66 http://i.pbase.com/o6/65/309765/1/87177413.XkmL6n6g.RhusTrilobata.jpg 67 http://fireflyforest.net/images/firefly/2005/June/Rhus-trilobata-berries.jpg 68 http://plants.usda.gov/gallery/standard/ardi3_1h.jpg

61. 69 http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/images/oakmistletoe10.jpg 70 http://www.delange.org/MistletoeChristmas/Dsc00093.jpg 71 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wphju--wp14041.jpg 72 http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Viscaceae/images/Phor.juniperinum2.jpg 73 http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/Viscaceae/images/VER.fruits.JPEG 74 http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/lodgepole/fig.%209.gif 75 http://www.forestpathology.org/graphics/mtoeseed.gif 76 http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2192/2190308736_d0da84211b.jpg?v=0 77 http://www.ctbirding.org/images_rare/2006/06Townsendswing700.jpg 78 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/MistletoeBerries02.jpg 79 http://www.alaska-in-pictures.com/data/media/9/sitka-spruce-cones_8873.jpg 80 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Douglas_fir _leaves_and_bud.jpg/180px-Douglas_fir_leaves_and_bud.jpg

62. 81 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Pseudotsuga_menziesii_28226.JPG 82 http://darryl-gail.com/Photos/Camping_2000/Tall_redwood_trees.jpg 83 http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ldplants/images/abcoc3140.jpg 84 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Abies_cone_&_ bits.jpg/200px-Abies_cone_&_bits.jpg 85 http://images.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&rls=GGLR%2CGGLR%3 A2006-17% 2CGGLR%3Aen&q=Abies+concolor+cone&btnG=Search+Images 86 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/biohires/a/habla--lf41205.JPG 88 http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/cprs/research/projects/global_change/images/Abies_twig.jpg 89 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/871/80007548.JPG 90 http://www.chemical-ecology.net/insects/normal.jpg 91 http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Coniferoph/Needle% 20%20XS.jpg

63. 92 http://www.pinetum.org/cones/PNreflexa.jpg 93 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpist3-tw54739.jpg 94 http://www.nps.gov/brca/naturescience/images/limberpinebranch_cms.jpg 95 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/7/7e/150px- Limberpinecone.jpg 96 http://www.explorenm.com/plants/Pinaceae/Pinus/flexilis/01/Needles0024.jpg 97 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpice--lf54338.jpg 98 http://nevadaculture.org/docs/kids/images/bristlecone.jpg 100 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~plants-c/bio414/species%20pages/images/pinariM-cones.jpg 101 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpiar--cofemale-stages59808.jpg 102 http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/966/25007916.JPG 103 http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/pinus_ponderosa.jpg

64. 104 http://www.conifers.org/pi/pin/ponderosa5.jpg 105 bp3.blogger.com/_oH7YVmRWh-s/R_PTi4o_9zI/AAAA... 106 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpiara-lf54140.jpg 107 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/p/wpien2-lfseveral14581.jpg 108 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/j/wjuos--br14044.jpg 109 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/j/wjuos--lf14038.jpg 110 http://www.tomszak.pl/galeria/iglaste/Juniperus%20communis%20Bruns.jpg 111 http://www.abundantlifeessentials.com/images/pine%20needles1.jpg 112 http://botany.cs.tamu.edu/FLORA/dcs420/mi11/mi11007.jpg 113 http://bill-hay.com/DayTrip/images/Acorns.JPG 114 http://www.bird-friends.com/pics/AcornWoodpecker/AcornWoodpecker 1LR.jpg 115 http://www.jfschmidt.com/catalogphotos/0708BR/p52_chinkapin.jpg

65. 116 http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/q/wqumu--fl19366.jpg 117 http://plants.usda.gov/maps/large/QU/QUMU.png 118 http://www.floridata.com/ref/Q/images/quer_mu2.jpg 119 http://www.cnr.vt.edu/forsite/acorn/female.jpg 120 http://www.cnr.vt.edu/forsite/acorn/male.jpg 121 http://www.trainingreference.co.uk/free_pictures/gallery_3/acorn.JPG 122 http://www.nfs.unl.edu/graphics/ChampionTree/oakchinkapin-nebraskacity -2000.jpg 123 http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2304/1534485898_6605deb8a7.jpg 124 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/ Quercus_muhlenbergii.jpg/240px-Quercus_muhlenbergii.jpg 125 http://gilaflora.com

66. 126 www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/azwhiteoak.htmlwww.naturesongs.com/vvplants/azwhiteoak.html 127 http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/azwhiteoak3.jpg 128 http://www.naturesongs.com/vvplants/azwhiteoak3.jpg 129 http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/diseases/nursery/images/full_images/fig41.jpg 130 http://www.istrianet.org/istria/flora/images/juniper-communis1.jpg 131 http://www.swsbm.com/images/New8-2002/Juniperus_communis.jpg 132 http://www.conifers.org/cu/ju/osteosperma1.gif 133 http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/quehav/habitat.jpg 135 http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mhmills/research/So-map.JPG 136 http://www.cnr.vt.edu/DENDRO/DENDROLOGY/Syllabus2/factsheet.cfm? ID=628