1. What is a plant??? Organism that is: Multicellular Eukaryote
Autotrophic
Has Cell wall
Photosynthesizes

2. Plants evolved from Green Algae
Brainstorm with a neighbor:
What are differences between algae and plants?

3. Challenges from life in water to life on land
Obtain resources from BOTH air and soil
Roots: below ground and absorb nutrients and water
Shoots: above ground and convert sunlight and CO2 to energy
Vascular system: moves water and nutrients between roots and shoots.

4. SHOOTS
ROOTS

5. Challenges from life in water to life on land
Remaining upright and not falling over
Lignin: chemical that hardens the cell wall to give strength and support to plants.

6. Challenges from life in water to life on land
Maintaining Moisture
Cuticle: Lipid, waxy covering that prevents water evaporation
Stomata: Pores on underside of leaf that regulates water and gas exchange
Guard cells: open and close the stomata

7. Hole = stomata
Cells around hole = guard cells

8. Challenges from life in water to life on land
Reproduction on land
Need ways to prevent seeds from drying and ways to disperse

9. BRYOPHYTES Moss Lack lignin and are considered non vascular plants
Require water to reproduce because gametes have flagella

10. Pteridophytes First group of plants to have vascular tissue (lignin)
Able to grow taller now
Ferns, horse tails
Reproduce through spores on underside of leaf and no longer dependent on water

11. Gymnosperms First seed bearing plants Conifers and needle leaf trees
Naked seeds because they are not surrounded by fruit.
Conifers and needle leaf trees

12. Pollen cone Pollen grains Pine cone Seeds Male reproductive structure
Male gamete, adapted to dry environment and transport through wind.
Pine cone
Female reproductive structure
Seeds
Plant embryo packaged with food supply inside a protective coat.

13. ANGIOSPERM Flowering plants
Fruit: Ripened ovary used to protect seeds and disperse them.

14. Parts of a Flower Petals Stamen
Brightly colored to attract pollinators
Stamen
Male reproductive structure
Anther: holds pollen
Male gamete
Filament: holds up anther.

15. Parts of a Flower Carpel Female reproductive structure
stigma: sticky to catch pollen
Style: long tube that connects stigma and ovary
Ovary: holds ovules (eggs)

16. How do Plants Reproduce?
Pollination
Rely on animals to transport pollen from male to female reproductive structure.
Brightly colored petals attract pollinators
Double Fertilization:
When pollen travels down style it splits into 2 sperm cells
1 fertilizes the ovule to create seed
Other creates food supply

17. Seed Dispersion
Once pollination has occurred seeds need to spread to allow for new plant growth
Burrs can stick to animals and move
Fruit can be eaten and then the core thrown
Some seeds need to be completely digested in order to grow.
Water currents and wind.

18. Annuals: Go through a complete life cycle in one year. Baby blue eyes
basil
Merigolds
tomato

19. biennials
Takes two years to complete the life cycle.
English daisy

20. Perennials Take several years to complete their life cycle. agave
Cat tails
Baby’s breath

21. Roots Found underground Anchor plant Hold soil in place
Absorb water and nutrients.

22. Types of Roots
Fibrous Roots
SEVERAL THIN BRANCHING ROOTS

23. Types of Roots Fibrous Tap roots Long root to anchor plant
Several small horizontal root hairs.

24. SHOOTS STEM LOCATION OF LIGNIN
XYLEM AND PHLOEM TO MOVE WATER AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH PLANT.

25. Leaf
Location of photosynthesis
2 parts
Petiole
Blade

26. Types of Tissue in Plants
Dermal Tissue
Acts as a protective barrier for the plant.
Secretes the cuticle.
Outer most layer of tissue.

27. Vascular Tissue
Contains lignin to give support.
XYLEM: transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots
Transpiration is the evaporation of water through leaves that drives the process

28. Vascular Tissue .
PHLOEM: transports sugars due to diffusion (high concentration to low concentration).

29. Ground tissue Tissue found between dermal and vascular tissue.
Most abundant tissue type
Location of photosynthesis

30. Primary growth Growth upwards and downwards in height.
Occurs at root caps and buds in plants.

31. Secondary growth Growth in width outwards. Adds new xylem and phloem.
Every 2 rings = 1 year of growth for tree rings.