1. UNIT 2 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 1: Flirting with Disaster

3. A. Old Regime Old Regime – existing system of feudalism People divided into three estates, or classes

4. THE FIRST ESTATE WHO: King and family Church officials HOW MANY: 1% of population TAXES: Extremely minimal DIVISIONS: Higher Clergy – Cardinals, bishops, etc. Lower Clergy – Priests ACTIVIES: HC – Get fat off of people’s tithes LC – Work with people, say mass, visit sick, talk to homeless

5. THE SECOND ESTATE WHO: Nobles Military officials HOW MANY: 2% of population TAXES: VERY minimal DIVISIONS: None ACTIVIES: See “higher clergy” Minimal administrative duties

6. THE THIRD ESTATE WHO: Everyone else (Peasants, artisans, farmers, doctors, lawyers, merchants…) HOW MANY: 97% of population TAXES: YES! 50% to nobles, 10% tithe to church DIVISIONS: Bourgeoisie – Artisans, doctors, lawyers Other – Farmers, laborers, peasants ACTIVIES: Try to survive daily life

7. Bourgeoisie Middle class Bankers, factory owners, merchants, and skilled artisans Many were well educated Believed in enlightenment ideals such as liberty and equality Paid high taxes, and even though many were rich, they lacked the privileges that the 1 st and 2 nd estate had

8. Third Estate (the workers) Poorest group in 3 rd estate Worked in the cities Laborers and trades people Starving and poor Would attack if they could not afford bread Resented the clergy

9. Third Estate (Peasants) Largest Group in 3 rd estate, nearly 80% of pop. Peasants paid nearly half of their income in taxes, most of which went to nobles and to the church. Growing resentment toward 1 st and 2 nd Estates Spreading of Enlightenment ideas

10. 1.Who is represented by each of the figures in this picture? 2.How do you know who is represented? 3.What is the picture telling you about the relationship between these people? 4.Why might figures that are clothed be opposed to change?

11. Tennis Court Oath – June 17, 1789 The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom, to effect the regeneration of the public order, and to maintain the true principles of monarchy; that nothing can prevent it from continuing its deliberations in whatever place it may be forced to establish itself; and, finally, that wheresoever its members are assembled, there is the National Assembly; Decrees that all members of this Assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established and consolidated upon firm foundations; and that, the said oath taken, all members and each one of them individually shall ratify this steadfast resolution by signature.

12. What now????

13. Warm-up Take map #2 quiz Read the newspaper account of the Storming of the Bastille and answer the questions that follow

14. It’s time to storm the Bastille….

15. UNIT 2 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 2: The Explosion

16. The Bastille Infamous Paris prison Mob storms the Bastille to get supplies and gun powder Great symbol of Revolution Bastille Day July 14 – similar to July 4

17. The Great Fear Senseless panic spread through France Peasants became mobs and terrorized nobles Peasants storm Versailles to attack the King and Queen Royal family flees and power is changing hands

18. Congratulations…welcome to the National Assembly. Now solve the problems of France. 1. What rights should men have? 2. Should there be freedom of the press? 3. How do you deal with the fact that the mob has started running around and terrorizing nobles and merchants? 4. There are still lots of hungry people in Paris. What should we do about this? 5. What should we do with the royal family?

19. How did they solve it? The Declaration of the Rights of Man

20. But what about King Louis?

21. From revolution to chaos Begin working on checkpoint 2-2. This is due tomorrow and there will be a checkpoint quiz to go along with it. Take your time – there is a lot going on in this section.

22. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 3: The Implosion

23. Problem Now Jean-Paul Marat calls for the death of 200,000 enemies of the revolution. What now?

24. Solution 1793 – Charlotte Corday kills Marat in his bath

25. Problem What should we do with Marie Antoinette?

26. Solution Throw her in prison – for now

27. Was the French Revolution a revolution of bread or ideas? BREADIDEAS

28. Napoleon and the French Revolution Video A revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte

29. 1769-born in Corsica military school in France Joins army of the National Assembly Becomes general of the French Army in 1799

30. 1. Coup d’etat = overthrow the state November 9, 1799 Napoleon uses his military success to overthrow the Directory Believed the Directory was corrupt, did not promote the good of people

31. November 10, 1799- French Consulate in place 3 leaders called Consuls 1 st Consul- Napoleon Bonaparte 2 nd Consul- Napoleon’s brother Lucien Bonaparte 3 rd Consul-former Director Sieyes Napoleon drafts a new constitution naming him as 1 st consul of France for life…unbeknownst to the other consuls

32. Plebiscite= vote of YES or NO on specific question 1800- plebiscite votes YES-1 st Consul of France 1802-plebiscite votes YES-1 st Consul of France for life 1804-plebiscite votes YES- EMPEROR OF FRANCE

33. December 2, 1804 Napoleon’s Coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral He crowns himself -big controversy- WHY??

34. The EconomyGov & Society Religion Goals of the Revolution Equal taxation Lower inflation Less gov’t corruption Equal opportunity in gov’t Less powerful Catholic Church Religious tolerance Napoleon’s Actions Results

35. The EconomyGov & Society Religion Goals of the Revolution Equal taxation Lower inflation Less gov’t corruption Equal opportunity in gov’t Less powerful Catholic Church Religious tolerance Napoleon’s Actions fair tax code national bank stabilized currency Results stable economy

36. The EconomyGov & Society Religion Goals of the Revolution Equal taxation Lower inflation Less gov’t corruption Equal opportunity in gov’t Less powerful Catholic Church Religious tolerance Napoleon’s Actions fair tax code national bank stabilized currency Appointed officials by merit (and fired bad ones) Created schools (lycees) Created Code of Laws Results stable economy Honest, competent officials public education equal opportunity in gov’t

37. The EconomyGov & Society Religion Goals of the Revolution Equal taxation Lower inflation Less gov’t corruption Equal opportunity in gov’t Less powerful Catholic Church Religious tolerance Napoleon’s Actions fair tax code national bank stabilized currency Appointed officials by merit (and fired bad ones) Created schools (lycees) Created Code of Laws Catholicism = national religion Signed concordat with Pope Kept Church lands Results stable economy Honest, competent officials public education equal opportunity in gov’t Religious tolerance Gov’t control of Church lands Gov’t recognition of Church influence

38. Military genius Expert in use of artillery Developed innovative artillery strategy still in use today Father of modern artillery warfare

39. Napoleon quickly forced his power across Europe Battle of Austerlitz-December 1805 Invaded Austria Forced emperor to make peace, formed alliance Battle of Jena-October 1806 Invaded Prussia Forced King to make peace, formed alliance

40. Battle of Friedland: June 1807 Fought in Poland Against Russians Forces Czar Alex I to the bargaining table PEACE OF TILSIT Napoleon can have western ½ of Poland and all of Europe Alex I can have eastern ½ of Poland and all Ottoman Empire Peaceful coexistence Non-aggression Pact

41. Battle of Trafalgar: October 1805 Massive naval battle against British Royal Navy GB lead by Admiral Horatio Nelson Fought off coast of Spain Big loss for Napoleon Nelson shot by sniper and dies moments after hearing the British won This loss sets Napoleon on a obsessive mission to “get” Great Britain

43. VIDEO SEGMENT Napoleon: Background Napoleon: gaining power Napoleon: in the military

44. In a small group, you will watch a video segment on Napoleon’s rise to power. Each person chooses a character from Napoleon’s life – real (like his mother) or fictional (a classmate at military school). Complete one card of notes on what that person would have thought of Napoleon 2 minute conversation from each group

45. Napoleon and the French Revolution Video A revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets. Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte

47. he becomes blinded by success and makes three decisive mistakes… 1. Continental System 2. The Peninsular War 3. Invasion of Russia

48. WHAT?: Continental blockade against Great Britain WHY?: Cripple G.B.’s economy RESULTS?: Backfires, Napoleon’s allies broke, starving

49. WHAT?: France invades Portugal/Spain WHY?: Portugal leaves Continental System, Napoleon wants them back RESULTS?: Spanish fight guerrilla war (led by British General Arthur Wellesley), France loses 300,000 soldiers

50. WHAT?: Napoleon invades Russia with 500,000 soldiers from several countries WHY?: Russians left Continental System RESULTS?: Worst disaster in military history? Napoleon loses over 400K soldiers

51. Europe has Napoleon at his weakest and decide to attack Grand Alliance takes him on and wins Exiled to Elba, but returns; Last 100 days Finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by Wellington Exiled again…but much further away—St. Helena Dies on the island in 1821 Why didn’t they just kill him?

52. Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) AGENDA: Restore order and stability in Europe 4 weeks of meetings turned into 8 months Ring Leader and Host Klemens von Metternich – Foreign Minister of Austria Put down the “Experiments of Democracy” Major conservative Wants to restore all rightful monarchs to the throne

53. Three Major Goals 1. Encirclement of France Strengthen countries around France Prevent French aggression 2. Balance of Power Strengthen weaker countries to offset France’s size and power 3. Legitimacy Restore the monarchies deposed by Napoleon Uphold conservative political ideals

54. 1. Great Britain 2. Austrian Empire 3. Prussia 4. Russia 5. France Was it right to keep France a great power?

55. Sadly, all things, including Napoleon must come to an end. Your task for today is to write a eulogy for Napoleon (individually or in a pair). You should address:  what you think are the three most important accomplishments of his life  Evaluate his two largest failures  Discuss what his legacy should be (how he should be remembered in history). Drop all responses by the end of the block (possible weekly grade)