1. A quick primer

2. * Late next year, we will explore the full properties of acids, but for now: * Acids are ionic compounds that release H + ions into solution. * Most of the time, they have hydrogen combined with non-metals to the far right of the periodic table * If the element is not to the far right of the periodic table, the compound may also have a lot of oxygen atoms

3. * Binary acids: these contain hydrogen and one other element (HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H 2 S) * Oxyacids: these contain hydrogen and a polyatomic ion with many oxygen’s (H 2 SO 4, HNO 3, H 3 PO 4, HClO 3, H 2 CO 3 ) * Organic acids: these have the elements carbon, hydrogen and at least two oxygen’s, and often are written as formulas with an ending “-COOH”

4. * Binary compounds (not acids) end with the suffix “ide”. * Acids are named by adding a prefix “hydro”, and replacing the “-ide” with “-ic acid” * NaCl “sodium chloride” become HCl “hydrochloric acid” * KBr “potassium bromide” becomes HBr “hydrobromic acid”

5. * Polyatomics often end with the suffix “ite” or “ate” * “ite” is replaced with “ous acid” * “ate” is replaced with “ic acid” * Sulfate, SO 4 2-, becomes H 2 SO 4, sulfuric acid * Nitrate, NO 3 1-, becomes HNO 3, nitric acid * Phosphite, PO 3 3-, becomes H 3 PO 3, phosphorous acid

6. * There is a very serious set of rules for naming all possible organic acids. Most of the time, they can be ignored. Common names are used instead. * A few you need to know: * CH 3 COOH- Acetic acid * CHOOH – Formic Acid

7. * HI… * HF... * H 2 S… * HBr… * H 3 P … Hydroiodic acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrosulfuric acid Hydrobromic acid Hydrophosphoric acid

8. * H 2 CO 3 …. * HNO 3 …. * H 2 SO 3 …. * HBrO 3 …. * H 3 PO 4 …. Carbonic acid Nitric acid Sulfurous acid Bromic acid Phosphoric acid